The easiest way is to make a Venn diagram with three circles. Each region should get a number showing how many students have taken exactly those courses. As you have 15 that took all three, put 15 in the central region.
Full Answer
To determine probability, you need to add or subtract, multiply or divide the probabilities of the original outcomes and events. You use some combinations so often that they have their own rules and formulas.
If you’re going to take a probability exam, you can better your chances of acing the test by studying the following topics. They have a high probability of being on the exam. Deborah Rumsey has a PhD in Statistics from The Ohio State University (1993).
The probability of the event is 1/6, so in 60 trials, the probability of that event is 1/6 + 1/6 + 1/6....... 60 times. It's an "or" situation, so it's the probability of that event occurring in trial 1 or trial 2 or trial 3 etc up to trial 60. So you add the probabilities. If for instance you throw a dice and the event is getting a 6.
Let’s do another example where we find an “at most” probability for a binomial random variable. The probability of getting “at least one heads” is the same as the probability of not getting “all tails.” Let X X X be a binomial random variable with n = 1 0 n=10 n = 1 0 and p = 0. 3 0 p=0.30 p = 0. 3 0. Find P ( X ≤ 5) P (X\le 5) P ( X ≤ 5).
You calculate probability by dividing the number of successes by the total number of attempts. Your result will be a number between 0 and 1, which can also be expressed as a percent if you multiply the number by 100%.
The probability of an event can be calculated by probability formula by simply dividing the favorable number of outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes.
Think about a fair ordinary dice. To find the probability of rolling a 4, take the number of possible ways of rolling a 4 and divide it by the total number of possible outcomes. There is one way of rolling a 4 and there are six possible outcomes, so the probability of rolling a 4 on a dice is .
Formula for the probability of A and B (independent events): p(A and B) = p(A) * p(B). If the probability of one event doesn't affect the other, you have an independent event. All you do is multiply the probability of one by the probability of another.
When a coin is tossed, the possible outcomes are head (H) and tail (T).
If the probability of occurrence of an event is 0, then that event is called an impossible event.
If the probability of occurrence of an event is 1, it is called a sure event.
We use the probability of an event occurring to make informed decisions as to whether we complete an action.
Number of Events: The number of events in probability is the number of opportunities or success. So, for example, there are ten runners in a race, 2 of the runners are wearing blue. If we wanted to calculate the probability of the winner of the race being a runner wearing blue, we would enter 2.
I safety, probability is used to makes key decisions. For example, all roads present a danger to pedestrians. The probability of harm however differs depending on speed, visability, surface, number of previous accidents and so forth. Identifying the probability of an accident occurring allows government highways bodies to reduce the risk of accidents in areas identified as high risk due to the calculation of probability of accidents.
The Infinite Improbability Drive is a wonderful new method of crossing vast interstellar distances in a mere nothing of a second without all that tedious mucking about in hyperspace.
The principle of generating small amounts of finite improbability by simply hooking the logic circuits of a Bambleweeny 57 sub-meson Brain to an atomic vector plotter suspended in a strong Brownian Motion producer (say a nice hot cup of tea) were of course well understood - and such generators were often used to break the ice at parties by making all the molecules in the hostess's undergarments leap simultaneously one foot to the left, in accordance with the Theory of Indeterminacy.
In this way, probability is on its basic level a binary calculation.
As with all numbers which can be expressed as a fraction, Probability can also be expressed as a ratio.
The probability of event A occurring and event B occurring P (A and B) = P (A) x P (B)
Once a probability has been worked out, it's possible to get an estimate of how many events will likely happen in future trials. This is known as the expectation and is denoted by E.
Probability theory is an interesting area of statistics concerned with the odds or chances of an event happening in a trial, e.g. getting a six when a dice is thrown or drawing an ace of hearts from a pack of cards. To work out odds, we also need to have an understanding of permutations and combinations.
Probability is a measure of the likelihood of an event occurring. A trial is an experiment or test. E.g., throwing a dice or a coin. The outcome is the result of a trial. E.g., the number when a dice is thrown, or the card pulled from a shuffled pack. An event is an outcome of interest.
P (Event) = Number of ways the event can occur / The total number of possible outcomes
This is determined by carrying out a series of trials. So, for instance, a batch of products is tested and the number of faulty items is noted plus the number of acceptable items.
We would all like to win the lottery, but the chances of winning are only slightly greater than 0. However "If you're not in, you can't win" and a slim chance is better than none at all!
Probability of an event is a number (always positive) which represents the chances of occurrence of an event. The probability range of occurrence of an event is between zero and one. Probability of an impossible event is zero whereas probability of a possible event is one. Probability, as the name deals with uncertainty.
Step 1: Identify an event with one result . Step 2: Identify the total number of results that can occur. Step 3: Divide the number of favourable events by the total number of possible outcomes.
The probability of a student passes math course is 1/3 and passes statics course is 1/4. If the probability to pass both courses is 1/6. What is the probability to pass one of both courses?
The probability of passing at least one class is 1 minus the probability of failing both.
A key point of ambiguity in the problem statement is “a student”. If the problem is stating that students in general have these probabilities of passing, you might think that results for the three subjects are highly correlated, because they are all driven by overall intelligence. In the extreme, you might say that the 1/3 of the students who pass English would be the smart ones, and they would also pass math and science. This would make the answer be 1/3.
SO, P (either A OR B but not both passing) = 3/15 +4/15 = 7/15.
P ( A U B U C )=> A or B or C or all 3.
If the three outcomes are correlated, the answer could be as high as 1/3 (33% ); or if they are anti-correlated, the answer could be zero.
Let us take an example of a class of 35. Thus, 10/35 would pass algebra and 14/35 would pass geometry. So, it would not be possible for 15/35 to pass BOTH exams since that cannot be higher than either of the total who passed EACH exam.