Homeostasis Homeostasis, from the Greek words for "same" and "steady," refers to any process that living things use to actively maintain fairly stable conditions necessary for survival. For example, the human body uses a number of processes to control its temperature, keeping it close to an average value or norm of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. One of the most obvious physical …
Sep 09, 2018 · This reduces glucagon secretion and brings the system back to homeostasis.Diabetes happens when a person's pancreas can't make enough insulin, or when cells in the body stop responding to insulin, or both. Under these conditions, body cells don't take up glucose readily, so blood sugar levels remain high for a long period of time after a meal.
Diabetes results from the body responding too strongly to the level of glucose in the blood. Diabetes results from the body having a positivefeedback response to the level of glucose in the blood. Diabetes results from the body not responding with a negative feedback to the level of glucose in the blood. Diabetes is not linked with homeostasis.
How is diabetes linked with homeostasis? Diabetes results from the body having a positive-feedback response to the level of glucose in the blood. Diabetes results from the body responding too strongly to the level of glucose in the blood.
A pathology often contributing to homeostatic imbalance is diabetes mellitus, a condition that results from either the over-production or, in some cases, the hyper-activity, of the hormone insulin. When no homeostatic imbalance is present, the body is able to regulate its blood sugar levels efficiently.
1. Which of the following does not include plasma: total body water, extracellular fluid, or interstitial fluid? 2.
Unformatted text preview: 5. To maintain plasma glucose homeostasis You correctly answered: d. insulin-mediated transport of glucose into cells acts as negative feedback when plasma glucose levels rise. 6. A laboratory technician withdraws a blood sample from a vein in your upper arm knowing that You correctly answered: b.
Homeostasis stems from a Greek work that means to “stand equally”. The human body uses this to control it’s conditions for its own survival. All sorts of factors contribute to homeostasis such as, temperature, energy requirements which is glucose that is the main source energy that has to be regulated at all times, ion and sugar. All these need to be stable and regulated for us to live. Various chemical reactions are taking place within our bodies that can get easily imbalanced. So we have to monitor and control these conditions for our bodies to function properly. (Field, B (2009). Lecture notes [Description of homeostasis Monday 21st September 2009]).
Because type 2 diabetes can be brought on by a rich diet they need to eat more healthy. Also like type 1 diabetes they need to check their blood sugar levels regular and drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration, and take a low dose of aspirin if needed.
Type 2 diabetes is more common in older people, because it takes a much longer time for type 2 diabetes to show up in people. It is a Metabolic disorder that is found in people who eat a rich Carbohydrates and high glygemic diet. It is most common form of diabetes because the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin, or the body cells ignore it. This is called insulin resistance. We need insulin for the body to use glucose for energy. Which is fuel for cells in our body. The peripheral tissues become insulin resistant, because the body no longer responds to the insulin signal to use the glucose for it to get into our body cells. Therefore after we eat meals the glucose that has been ingested remains in our body at a high concentration even if insulin is present because the body won’t respond for it to be used. The liver is also resistant to the insulin so it cant synthesize it. When insulin cant take sugar from the blood in to cells problems occur straight away, cells are starved of energy, and over time the high blood sugar levels can damage the eyes, kidneys, nerves and the heart. If not treated and regulated properly with the right medication diabetics have a risk of having a hyperglygemic and hypoglygemic attacks. The difference between the two is with a hyperglygemic attack it means you have a too high blood sugar level that needs to be lowered, and a hypoglycaemic attack is when the blood sugar is too low and needs to be highbred, so the levels are back to normal. People who have a poor diet, high chloeresterol and is overweight/obese have a high chance of type 2 diabetes. But also old people too, because ageing makes the body less tolerant to sugars. (internet source 6)
its called Onglyza. It stimulates the pancreas through a one a day tablet to produce more insulin after eating. But again u have to combine this with exercise and a controlled diet so you can manage your blood sugar levels. The action of the onglyza is to increase the number of insulin produced so it be’s an effective transporter of the sugar in to the bodies cells, so the sugar doesn’t build up in the blood. (internet source 10).
Insulin has two important functions that relate to overall metabolic homeostasis. The phylogenetically oldest is the maintenance of sufficient energy stores to allow for development, growth, and reproduction. The newer is as a feedback regulator of plasma glucose. The key role of the central nervous system in both functions is reviewed from a personal perspective, and the development of the concept that both body weight (adiposity) and plasma glucose are critically regulated by the same hormone is described. The recent suggestion that diabetes and obesity are linked by their common reliance on this central nervous system insulin signaling system is reviewed. Recent efforts to understand the hypothalamic mechanisms involved are described, and the common use of insulin receptor substrate 2 and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling mechanism is emphasized. Potential consequences of defects in the secretion of insulin or the action of insulin in the central nervous system are given, and linkage between obesity and diabetes is illustrated with a potential clinical representative. Insulin and insulin-like molecules have played a key role in energy homeostasis throughout evolution. Elegant studies in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster have demonstrated insulin-like molecules along with insulin and insulin-like signaling systems that, in C. elegans, are crucial to the regulation of body adiposity and nutrient storage, and in Drosophila play a similar role, plus regulate glucose metabolism. These peptides secreted from neurons are also critical for the regulation of reproduction in these organisms and, in relation to nutrient availability, determine lifespan (1,2). Whereas the role of the brain in mammalian glucose homeostasis was Continue reading >>
Prostaglandins of the E series are implicated as regulators of glucose homeostasis because of their effects on glucose production and secretion of insulin and glueagon. PGE is postulated to play a role in the pathophysiology of insulin secretion in adult-onset (Type II) diabetes mellitus. Evidence supporting this hypothesis includes the demonstration that PGE inhibits glucose-induced acute insulin responses in normal humans. Moreover, drugs that inhibit synthesis of PGE improve abnormal insulin secretion in human subjects with Type II diabetes mellitus. Continue reading >>
Diabetes is a condition in which the blood glucose levels remain too high. It can be treated by injecting insulin. The extra insulin causes the liver to convert glucose into glycogen, which reduces the blood glucose level. There are two types of diabetes - Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes is caused by a lack of insulin. It can be controlled by: monitoring the diet injecting insulin People with Type 1 diabetes have to monitor their blood sugar levels throughout the day. Their levels of physical activity and their diet affect the amount of insulin needed. They can help to control their blood glucose level by being careful with their diet (eating foods that will not cause big spikes in their blood sugar level) and by exercising (which can lower blood glucose levels due to increased respiration in the muscles). Type 2 diabetes is caused by a person’s body becoming resistant to insulin. It can be controlled by diet and exercise. There is a link between rising levels of obesity and increasing levels of Type 2 diabetes. The human body is designed to function most efficiently at 37ºC. If you become too hot or too cold, there are ways in which your body temperature can be controlled. When we get too hot: Sweat glands in the skin release more sweat. The sweat evaporates, removing heat energy from the skin. Blood vessels leading to the skin capillaries become wider - they dilate - allowing more blood to flow through the skin, and more heat to be lost. The hairs on the skin also help to control body temperature. They lie flat when we are warm, and rise when we are cold. The hairs trap a layer of air above the skin, which helps to insulate the skin against heat loss. The hypothalamus is the part of the brain which monitors the body's temperature. It receives information from te Continue reading >>
Your pancreas constantly monitors and controls your blood sugar levels using two hormones. The best known of these is insulin. When your blood sugar levels rise after a meal your pancreas releases insulin. Insulin allows glucose to be taken into the cells of your body where it is used in cellular respiration. It also allows soluble glucose to be converted to an insoluble carbohydrate called glycogen which is stored in the liver and muscles. When your blood sugar levels fall below the ideal level your pancreas releases a different hormone called glucagon. Glucagon makes your liver break down glycogen, converting it back into glucose which can be used by the cells. Continue reading >>
Go to: The pancreas is an exocrine and endocrine organ The pancreas has key roles in the regulation of macronutrient digestion and hence metabolism/energy homeostasis by releasing various digestive enzymes and pancreatic hormones. It is located behind the stomach within the left upper abdominal cavity and is partitioned into head, body and tail. The majority of this secretory organ consists of acinar—or exocrine—cells that secrete the pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes, such as amylase, pancreatic lipase and trypsinogen, into the ducts, that is, the main pancreatic and the accessory pancreatic duct. In contrast, pancreatic hormones are released in an endocrine manner, that is, direct secretion into the blood stream. The endocrine cells are clustered together, thereby forming the so-called islets of Langerhans, which are small, island-like structures within the exocrine pancreatic tissue that account for only 1–2% of the entire organ (Figure 1).1 There are five different cell types releasing various hormones from the endocrine system: glucagon-producing α-cells,2 which represent 15–20% of the total islet cells; amylin-, C-peptide- and insulin-producing β-cells,2 which account for 65–80% of the total cells; pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-producing γ-cells,3 which comprise 3–5% of the total islet cells; somatostatin-producing δ-cells,2 which constitute 3–10% of the total cells; and ghrelin-producing ɛ-cells,4 which comprise <1% of the total islet cells. Each of the hormones has distinct functions. Glucagon increases blood glucose levels, whereas insulin decreases them.5 Somatostatin inhibits both, glucagon and insulin release,6 whereas PP regulates the exocrine and endocrine secretion activity of the pancreas.3, 7 Altogether, these hormones regul Continue reading >>