how have your views on race, gender, and class been affected by this course?

What are the issues of race class and gender?

 · Race, class, and gender are social concepts in society that affect and influence members of a society. The concept of race differs from identifying people with physical and inherited traits to ...

How do racial/ethnic and gender differences emerge within the most privileged classes?

 · The U.S. Department of Education’s 2014 Civil Rights Data Collection provides a comprehensive report that gives a clearer picture of how race and ethnicity affects the way students learn and are treated in all levels of education. The report states that “Black, Latino and Native Americans have a bigger chance of going to schools with a ...

How does race and gender affect learning?

Race, Class and Gender issues are commonly brought up. Throughout history many groups have been stigmatized not just for their race, but for their sex, and class as well. People of lower class incomes get slandered for where they live and for not having the economical means to purchase most common goods. Women have been considered the weaker ...

What role do race class and gender play in criminal behavior?

 · Some researchers argue that a classless society would result in more participation in not only adult education but in education in general. Usually those categorized in classes lower than middle class tend to have limited educational experiences. When considering race and class we must examine the inequality of gender in adult education.

How does gender and race affect education today?

The report states that “Black, Latino and Native Americans have a bigger chance of going to schools with a higher concentration of first year teachers than white students.” The same report states that Black students were expelled at three times the rate of white students, and observed that Black girls were suspended at ...

How does race affect gender?

One way race affects gender is by determining who in American society is considered the “ideal woman” or the “ideal man”. Whiteness has been prized by those in power in the United States since its founding, which has shaped the way society views the ideal versions of men and women as white.

How does race affect students in the classroom?

Black students may experience microaggressions and censoring from peers. Black students may experience negative narratives that they are less capable or worthy compared to White peers. Black students may react with exhaustion and self-censorship.

What is the relationship between gender race and class?

The concept of race differs from identifying people with physical and inherited traits to identifying racial groups based on cultural aspects. Social classes involve grouping people according to their socioeconomic status. Gender identity varies from society to society based on cultural attitudes about biological sex.

What gender discrimination means?

Definition. Gender discrimination refers to any situation where a person is denied an opportunity or misjudged solely on the basis of their sex. Gender discrimination is any unequal treatment based on gender and may also be referred to as sexism.

What are the roles of male and female?

For example, girls and women are generally expected to dress in typically feminine ways and be polite, accommodating, and nurturing. Men are generally expected to be strong, aggressive, and bold. Every society, ethnic group, and culture has gender role expectations, but they can be very different from group to group.

How does gender affect education?

In subjects like language arts and art, girls receive more teacher interaction than boys because these subjects are considered "feminine." In high schools and colleges, male students are still more likely to enroll in courses like advanced mathematics, science, and engineering than female students, which affects the ...

How does race affect teaching?

Their study found that teachers typically rate black students poorer than white students in behavior and overall performance (Downey and Pribesh (2004). Therefore, Downey and Pribesh (2004) conclude that race does have an impact in the classroom which typically favors white students over black students.

How does race and ethnicity affect a person's education?

HOW CAN ETHNICITY AFFECT SCHOOL PERFORMANCE? Children who encounter discrimination from their schoolmates or teachers have negative attitudes and perceptions about schools and possess the lower academic motivation and low educational performance or advancement. As a result, they are less likely to complete high school.

How does race and ethnicity affect society?

Racial and ethnic prejudices affect the distribution of wealth, power, and opportunity, and create enduring social stratifications. Racial pride can foment racial prejudice, as in the case of white supremacists.

What is race ethnicity and gender?

These terms were initially separated to designate “race” as a biological quality and “ethnicity” as a cultural phenomenon. This distinction mirrors efforts to distinguish sex and gender. Unlike “sex” and “gender,” however, there is little agreement on core distinctions between race and ethnicity.

What is the difference between race and ethnicity?

Today, race refers to a group sharing some outward physical characteristics and some commonalities of culture and history. Ethnicity refers to markers acquired from the group with which one shares cultural, traditional, and familial bonds.

Why is race considered inferior?

Race is the result of social processes that make some people subject to unequal treatment because of physical differences.

What is race in biology?

Race refers to the observable, physical differences, such as skin color, among people in our society. Race, according to social scientists, actually has very little basis in biology. In fact, there are more differences within groups than between them. Race in our society is considered a social construct.

What are the three major categories of difference that shape opportunities and life chances in the United States?

Race, class, and gender are three major categories of difference that shape opportunities and life chances in the United States. We make assumptions about people based upon their race, class, and gender, and this can lead to unequal treatment.

Why is the median income of black and hispanic families lower than the median income of white families?

This is because intergenerational inequality, or the transfer of inequalities throughout generations of families, exacerbates inequality in the U.S. and is based along racial lines.

Does Marcus have class privilege?

Marcus has class and gender privilege in this scenario, like Joe, but he is subject to racial inequality. This is what intersectionality is getting at in terms of these categories of difference working together.

Can people experience privilege and disadvantage at the same time?

People can experience privilege and disadvantage at the same time. For example , Joe and Marcus work together, have similar social class backgrounds, are both heterosexual males, and have similar levels of education. However, Marcus is African American and Joe is white.

What is intersectionality theory?

Intersectionality. One way that sociologists often talk about these categories is through intersectionality theory. This is sociological approach to thinking about how race, class, and gender interact with one another. In other words, inequality based on these categories usually isn't the result of simply one of these categories.

How does race affect education?

Department of Education’s 2014 Civil Rights Data Collection provides a comprehensive report that gives a clearer picture of how race and ethnicity affects the way students learn and are treated in all levels of education. The report states that “Black, Latino and Native Americans have a bigger chance of going to schools with a higher concentration of first year teachers than white students.” The same report states that Black students were expelled at three times the rate of white students, and observed that Black girls were suspended at higher rates than all other girls, and most boys. This report makes it clear that many young people are being marginalized because of their race, which is not acceptable. Education is essential in everyone’s life, no matter their race. Equality in educational settings is something that we need to work toward.

What is the physiological response to race based stressors?

A recent study done by Northwestern University shows that “researchers found that the physiological response to race-based stressors—be it perceived racial prejudice, or the drive to outperform negative stereotypes— leads the body to pump out more stress hormones in adolescents from traditionally marginalized groups.”.

How can schools reduce discrimination?

Schools can also decrease the discrimination and expulsions by having greater expectations to suspend a student. Schools are exploiting students, and they have to be liberated, so the inequality in schools can decrease. Race and gender are significant factors in education.

Why are young people marginalized?

This report makes it clear that many young people are being marginalized because of their race, which is not acceptable. Education is essential in everyone’s life, no matter their race. Equality in educational settings is something that we need to work toward. As with race, gender plays a large role in education.

Is race and gender inequality still a problem in education?

Race and gender inequality, even though some may not want to believe it, still play a big role in students’ education, both in the United States and throughout the world. I myself am a Black/Latino student that believes that racism and sexism are alive in the education system globally. It’s not as bad in other schools, but I have noticed that more students of color have received suspensions rather than white students for committing the same act. Recent reports show that academic and disciplinary racial disparities continue to exist in K-12 education in the United States, and girls and young women in all parts of the globe are prevented from starting school at all, or not allowed to complete their education.

Is the US immune to gender inequality?

It can affect their future and the future of our world. Even further, the U.S. is not immune to gender inequality in the education system. According to a Washington Post article, getting into elite colleges is harder for women than for men. Additionally, the same article discusses how the US Department of Education Data found that 11 percent ...

How does the learning process work?

Learning process functions in a dynamic but systematic process that is greatly influenced by the main objective, sub objectives, and the environment in which learners are subjected to in the process of knowledge acquisition. Learning process takes place through an interactive process targeting an individual. Lifelong learning encompasses the acquisition and updating of all kinds of learning from pre-school years to post retirement years. Several disparities exist in the process of integrating different gender, race and class in the classroom environment. In fact, this disparity is further promoted by the numerous societal stereotyping arguments and education policies that have an effect on education standards and career of an individual. Among the noted disparities include insufficient support and structure for integration, biased selection process, and little psychological support. This reflective treatise attempts to explicitly relate gender, race and class issues to education performance and prejudice.

Why are foreign learners iced out?

For example, female foreign learners may occasionally be “iced out” of the system because the system does not guarantee them the opportunity to acquire knowledge since their communication and adoptability is lower than that of their male counterparts (Schnake, Beal and Ruscher, 2006). The consequence is that their career paths may be barred to academically talented persons who potentially could stand to make enormous contributions (Solomon and Saucier, 2006).

Why is the female gender considered a home manager?

The traditional society considers the female gender as having specific limits in education and the society. The female gender is often considered a home manager and may perform more house chores than their male counterparts of the same age. This limits their learning duration. In addition, the female gender has to deal with their emotions with little support from the society. As a result of these distracters, the female gender’s performance is often lower than that of the male gender despite existing in the same learning environment.

What are the issues of race, class, and gender?

Throughout history many groups have been stigmatized not just for their race, but for their sex, and class as well. People of lower class incomes get slandered for where they live and for not having the economical means to purchase most common goods.

How does intersectional approach to race, class, gender and sexuality work?

To take an intersectional approach to understand race, class, gender and sexuality, is to consider hardships not as a similar element for all individuals without regards to race, but instead consider where in a specific hardship different races, genders

What do sports trivialize?

Sports can trivialize women symbolically . For example, College sport teams may name the male team tigers and the women's team kittens. (Eitzen &Baca Zinn, 1989). This can coincide with the males being considered strong and the women being sexual.

What is the author's position in Rethinking Women's Biology?

In the article " Rethinking Women's Biology" the author position appeared to be that society dictates what a woman means and teaches it from childhood. The old concept of blue for a boy and pink for a girl starts out from birth and is…show more content…

Why are people of lower class incomes slandered?

People of lower class incomes get slandered for where they live and for not having the economical means to purchase most common goods. Women have been considered the weaker sex for centuries, and currently, some of the old fashioned and ignorant theories on women being subordinate to men prevail.

What are the interlocking categories of analysis that together cultivate profound differences in our personal biographies?

According to Collins, race, class and gender are “interlocking categories of analysis that together cultivate profound differences in our personal biographies.”. By using the three levels of oppression, provided as interlocking categories, it helps explain how to combat the notion of who is more oppressed than whom.

What is the purpose of intersectionality in sociology?

Sociology is one of those that focuses on the social construction of race followed by gender and class and many other social axes that intertwine with one another and combined or alone create social issues.

What is the aim of the analysis and subsequent action in adult education?

In adult education, when social class is the focus, the aim of the analysis and subsequent action is to bring about a change from a capitalist political economy to a classes socialist form of government (Merriam, Caffarella, & Baumgartner, 2007). Some researchers argue that a classless society would result in more participation in not only adult education but in education in general. Usually those categorized in classes lower than middle class tend to have limited educational experiences. When considering race and class we must examine the inequality of gender in adult education.

What is feminist theory?

The feminist theory is based in liberation and the feminist pedagogy seeks to create a liberatory learning environment and it also focuses on the concerns of women in the teaching-learning transaction (Merriam, Caffarella, & Baumgartner, 2007). Traditionally a woman is characterized as a docile nurturing human being but rarely as an authority or as assertive. Feminist pedagogy seeks to liberate a woman from this role in the classroom and urges her to be assertive and firm as a learner and to “find acceptance for her ideas in the public world” (Belenky, Clinchy, Goldberger, & Tarule, 1986, p. 20). The liberatory classroom allows for this sort of transformation. As potential adult educators we have to consider “what is the purpose of education? ” for learners and how that question should be answered individually. As we have seen, that answer varies for each learner. We must be vigilant considering each learners diverse background and constantly examine and revamp the status quo to ensure that each learner’s background is included. Works Cited Henslin, J. (2008).

Do minorities participate in adult education?

Traditionally, statistics show that minorities do not participate in adult education. Some researchers cite racism as a barrier to adult education. Adult educators have examined how the invisibility/norm of Whiteness has affected adult education, curriculum, theories, evaluation criteria, and instructional practices (Manglitz, 2003).

Is racism a barrier to adult education?

Researchers found that racism in adult education was not intentional ; many adult educators were unaware of the extent to which theories and research reinforce White racist attitudes and assumptions, thus sustaining the perpetuation of inequalities ( Colin & Preciphs, 1991). Some researchers have contended that socioeconomic status not race is the major barrier in adult education. Socioeconomic status is America is highly stratified; only a very small percentage of the population owns all of the wealth, power and influence in American society.

How does race affect education?

Race and social class also affect education in other ways. Very often people from a racial minority group or a lower income family do not have a family history of higher education. If the parents or grandparents have not had access to education, the child that comes from such a family is not likely to have had anybody read to them ...

What is social class?

Social class is a persistent reality that defines the way any one of us approaches life. A teacher may set out to make students learn the study skills needed for math in a given class but if the classroom is an economically weak neighborhood and the worksheets refer to problems with people spending enormous amounts on luxury goods, one can readily see the disconnect between student and lesson here. In this case, the worksheet may well distract a student from learning the intended skill for that day.

Why is it important to deal with the unpleasant aspects of our national history?

Depending on the age level of the children, it is best to deal with the unpleasant aspects of our national history also because otherwise children from racial minority families may well fret about the glossing over off reality. Race and social class also affect education in other ways.

Should education be untouched by race?

It makes sense to create teachers resources that cater to different levels and also to have assessment rubrics that factor in such details. While education should ideally be untouched by race, class or gender, it is an unreal expectation.

What are the racial/ethnic achievement gaps?

The US racial/ethnic academic achievement gap is a well-documented social inequality [ 1 ]. National assessments for science, mathematics, and reading show that White students score higher on average than all other racial/ethnic groups, particularly when compared to Black and Hispanic students [ 2, 3 ]. Explanations for these gaps tend to focus on the influence of socioeconomic resources, neighborhood and school characteristics, and family composition in patterning socioeconomic inequalities, and on the racialized nature of socioeconomic inequalities as key drivers of racial/ethnic academic achievement gaps [ 4 – 10 ]. Substantial evidence documents that indicators of socioeconomic status, such as free or reduced-price school lunch, are highly predictive of academic outcomes [ 2, 3 ]. However, the relative contribution of family, neighborhood and school level socioeconomic inequalities to racial/ethnic academic inequalities continues to be debated, with evidence suggesting none of these factors fully explain racial/ethnic academic achievement gaps, particularly as students move through elementary school [ 11 ]. Attitudinal outcomes have been proposed by some as one explanatory factor for racial/ethnic inequalities in academic achievement [ 12 ], but differences in educational attitudes and aspirations across groups do not fully reflect inequalities in academic assessment. For example, while students of poorer socioeconomic status have lower educational aspirations than more advantaged students [ 13 ], racial/ethnic minority students report higher educational aspirations than White students, particularly after accounting for socioeconomic characteristics [ 14 – 16 ]. Similarly, while socio-emotional development is considered highly predictive of academic achievement in school students, some racial/ethnic minority children report better socio-emotional outcomes than their White peers on some indicators, although findings are inconsistent [ 17 – 22 ].

Which class of children had the highest proportion of children living in socioeconomic deprivation?

Class 1 had the highest proportion of children living in socioeconomic deprivation, attending schools with more than 50% racial/ethnic minority students, and living in unsafe neighborhoods, but did not have a high proportion of children with the lowest parental expectations.

What are the dummy variables in the class of disadvantage?

In order to empirically measure the intersection between race/ethnicity and gender in the classes of disadvantage, a set of six dummy variables were created that combined racial/ethnic and gender categories into White boys, White girls, Black boys, Black girls, Latino boys, and Latina girls.

What are the two variables that measure the school environment?

Two variables measured the school-level environment: percentage of students eligible for free school meals, and percentage of students from a racial/ethnic background other than White non-Hispanic. These two variables were dichotomized as more than or equal to 50% of students belonging to each category. Both variables were measured in the kindergarten, first, third, fifth and eighth grade data collections.

What is latent class analysis?

Latent Class Analysis, described in greater detail below, was used to classify students into classes of individual and contextual advantage or disadvantage. Nine constructs, measuring characteristics at the individual-, school-, and neighborhood-level, were captured using 42 dichotomous variables measured across the different waves of the ECLS-K.

How are two stage assessments used?

The two-stage cognitive assessment approach was used to maximize the accuracy of measurement and reduce administration time by using the child’s responses from a brief first-stage routing form to select the appropriate second-stage level form. First, children read items in a booklet and recorded their responses on an answer form. These answer forms were then scored by the test administrator. Based on the score of the respective routing forms, the test administrator then assigned a high or low second-stage level form of the reading and mathematics assessments. For the second-stage level tests, children read items in the assessment booklet and recorded their responses in the same assessment booklet. The routing tests and the second-stage tests were timed for 80 minutes [ 62 ]. The present analyses use the standardized scores (T-scores), allowing relative comparisons of children against their peers.

What are the outcomes of the 8th grade?

Eight outcome variables, all assessed in eighth grade, were selected to examine the study aims: two measures relating to non-cognitive academic skills (perceived interest/competence in reading, and in math ); three measures capturing socioemotional development (internalizing behavior, locus of control, self-concept); and three measures of cognitive skills (math, reading and science assessment scores).

What is the bottom line of the math and reading test?

The bottom line is that even when you control for kids’ math and reading abilities through their test scores, we find that teachers’ perceptions of their students’ non-cognitive and academic skills differ by race, ethnicity, and gender. Grace Kao. “ The bottom line is that even when you control for kids’ math and reading abilities ...

Do teachers penalize black students relative to white students?

This reveals that teachers penalized black students relative to white students exhibiting similar approaches to learning. The study, which was published on Jan. 24, found that teachers advantage Asian children in comparison to white students in literacy skills.

Do teachers penalize girls in math?

Teachers penalize girls in math and literacy relative to boys with identical non-cognitive skills, researchers found.

Do white girls get penalized in math?

The researchers also discovered that teachers penalized white and black girls, relative to white boys, in their ratings of math ability, but did not disadvantage Asian and Latino girls in the same manner. The study found that teachers were less likely to rate white girls as above average in math regardless of the strength of their non-cognitive skills.

How does race affect behavior?

People might act differently, for instance, if their race and ethnicity have historically given them privilege within a particular society. If people have personally or historically experienced discrimination because of their race and ethnicity, they might feel cautious, suspicious, or mistrusting of the dominant society in which they live.

How does race affect attitudes?

Race and ethnicity can also impact attitudes. Many people feel a strong sense of pride based on their ethnicity, and this is an important part of their attitudinal approach to the world and to other people. Racially, some people may feel consciously or unconsciously superior to or biased against others.

What is ethnicity in social studies?

Ethnicity usually refers to the national background with which a person identifies. Race is a social construct that's often associated with skin color and other physical features. Though each of these factors is different and unique, each also overlaps with the other in significant ways.

What is the role of culture in identity?

If you're trying to understand individual and group development, then it's important to think about the roles that culture, race, and ethnicity play in identity. Culture has to do with the language, religion, and customs that characterize a particular group's way of life. Ethnicity usually refers to the national background with which a person identifies. Race is a social construct that's often associated with skin color and other physical features.

Why do people identify with their culture?

Most children are very much a part of their home culture, and they may grow more aware of differences as they individuate from their families. As a result of discriminatory experiences and struggles over time, people may identify more closely with their racial and ethnic groups. As a result of meeting people from different backgrounds or interacting with popular culture, people may identify more or less strongly with their home culture, racial group, or a particular ethnicity. Often, raising children can bring up cultural issues that individuals might not have been aware of as can aging or encountering conflicts in career development.

What does Janice realize about race?

On reflection, Janice also realizes that the ways culture, race, and ethnicity influence people are not monolithic. Some people are profoundly influenced by their racial identity, for example, while others may be more identified with some other aspect of themselves, like ability, sexuality, or socioeconomic status.

What is the result of racism smog?

As author and scholar Lisa Delpit has explained, ''As a result of this 'racism smog,' many of our children have internalized all of the negative stereotypes inherent in our society's views of black people.''

Introduction

Education Expectations and Gender

• In attempting to learn, the initial problem is a communication gap, therefore explaining anything about beliefs in a gender diverse class is difficult. While the term minority traditionally signifies dispersion or scattering, it can also be perceived as the dispersion of a new identity which is created as a result of “transformation and difference”...

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Ethnicity and Gender in Education

References