how has this course changed your perspectives of ethical considerations and practices?

What are ethical considerations in research?

Aug 30, 2021 · Ethical values are essential for any healthcare provider. Ethics comes from the Greek word “ethos,” meaning character. Ethical values are universal rules of conduct that provide a practical basis for identifying what kinds of actions, intentions, and motives are valued.[1] Ethics are moral principles that govern how the person or a group will behave or conduct themselves.

What are the different perspectives on ethics?

1 Ethical decision-making: Eight perspectives on workplace dilemmas The CIPD is the professional body for HR and people development. The not-for-profit organisation champions better work and working lives and has been setting the

What are ethical considerations in education?

Abstract. In this article, we have identified some of the ethical considerations related to evidence-based practice and surrounding issues as they bear on occupational therapy and rehabilitation. We acknowledge that practitioners are professionally and morally obligated to ensure that their decisions are informed and reflect best practices.

What are the ethical considerations in evidence-based practice?

between employers and employees has changed in recent years, ... Ethical Perspectives and Practices 23 02-May-4850.qxd 1/16/2006 11:39 AM Page 23. As you consider the differences between the individual and community approaches when you read the cases, also think about how

What are ethical practice considerations?

an accumulation of values and principles that address questions of what is good or bad in human affairs. Ethics searches for reasons for acting or refraining from acting; for approving or not approving conduct; for believing or denying something about virtuous or vicious conduct or good or evil rules.Jul 23, 2010

How can ethical considerations be improved?

Top 10 Tips for... Improving Ethics in the WorkplaceCreate a code. ... Engage with your employees and customers. ... Reinforce the benefits of the code. ... Be a good role model. ... Train your employees. ... Promote your ethical behaviour. ... Reward ethical behaviour. ... Learn from your mistakes.More items...

What are the ethical considerations that may have an impact on your study?

Ethical considerations in research are a set of principles that guide your research designs and practices. These principles include voluntary participation, informed consent, anonymity, confidentiality, potential for harm, and results communication.Oct 18, 2021

What are ethical perspectives examples?

Several ethical perspectives have been around for centuries, including utilitarianism, natural law, consideration of rights and justice, virtue ethics, and the idea of social contract.

How will you ensure that ethical business practices are being followed by your employees?

Promoting Workplace EthicsBe a Role Model and Be Visible. Employees look at top managers to understand what behavior is acceptable. ... Communicate Ethical Expectations. ... Offer Ethics Training. ... Visibly Reward Ethical Acts and Punish Unethical Ones. ... Provide Protective Mechanisms.Apr 4, 2017

How do you conduct ethical decisions when implementing change?

Consider the tips below:Communicate honestly and transparently the reason for the change. ... Treat employees as an essential part of the change process. ... Offer change management and ethics training before and during a change. ... Distribute information about the changes and give people a chance to comment a.More items...

What is the importance of ethical consideration in research?

Research ethics are important for a number of reasons. They promote the aims of research, such as expanding knowledge. They support the values required for collaborative work, such as mutual respect and fairness. This is essential because scientific research depends on collaboration between researchers and groups.

Why it is important to be ethical in your studies?

The study of ethics helps a person to look at his own life critically and to evaluate his actions/choices/decisions.It assists a person in knowing what he/she really is and what is best for him/her and what he/she has to do in order to attain it. study of moral philosophy can help us to think better about morality.Nov 19, 2018

How and why ethical considerations should be part of our everyday conduct as public relations professionals?

Public relations ethics are critically important because public relations practitioners share with other professional occupations not only the ability to significantly help (or hurt) their clients, but also the ability to greatly influence stakeholders and society at large.

What is the best ethical perspective?

UtilitarianismThe theory that the “right” moral act is the one that produces the greatest good for society. is a prominent perspective on ethics, one that is well aligned with economics and the free-market outlook that has come to dominate much current thinking about business, management, and economics.

What are the 3 ethical perspectives?

There are generally three philosophical approaches, or what may be considered the science, to ethical reasoning: utilitarian ethics. deontological ethics. virtue ethics.

What are the three ethical perspectives in applied ethics?

There are three categories of ethical theories: Normative ethics. Meta ethics. Applied ethics.

What is ethically acceptable distribution?

This suggests that ethical rules neutrally referee and put bounds on our voluntary interactions, but don’t pursue any particular outcome. Any distribution of positions and their rewards which results from exchanges and agreements between individuals, within the rules , is an ethically acceptable distribution, whether or not it tracks merit or any other pre-existing pattern. Some people are lucky enough to have scarce qualities which are in demand: it’s ethically acceptable, even though not merited, that they command high wages. So, for example, the just wage for a CEO or a nurse is the current market rate for CEOs or nurses, and nothing to do with how talented they are, nor how hard they work, nor equal distribution, nor any other patterned distribution.

Why should workplaces be designed to promote well-being?

Therefore, workplaces should be designed to promote well-being for its own sake, not just because of its instrumental benefits for morale or eciency.

What is the handing down lens?

According to the Handing Down Lens, we can’t reinvent or master the world, and are instead responsible for conserving and maintaining the small part of it over which we currently have stewardship, and for passing it on undamaged to our descendants. This covers the institutions we work in, the wider political and social world they depend on, and the natural environment we all depend on. Workplaces should be designed and assessed with an eye to what we were given to look after by our predecessors, and which we’ll hand on to our descendants. So, for example, keeping a firm in family ownership might be more important than maximising its short-term profits, and maintaining a natural resource might be more important than exploiting it.

What are the rights and duties of everyone?

According to the Rights and Duties Lens, everyone has the rights to do some things and to be free of some things, and everyone has duties not to violate others’ rights. This means human rights forbid some actions and demand other actions, regardless of their consequences. The idea of rights is immensely successful in practice, as shown for example by the influence of the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights – even though it raises troubling problems in philosophical theory. So, for example, workplaces ought to respect human rights to equal pay for equal work and to join unions.

What is the character lens?

The Character Lens says that each of us should work to develop the best ethical character for our roles. A character is a set of deep, consistent, closely connected psychological tendencies to feel and act in the right way (these tendencies are sometimes called virtues). Having character involves committing to and caring for particular individuals and institutions. According to the Character Lens, we should face ethical dilemmas by trying to become more like our heroes and to treat the particular people and things we care about rightly and lovingly, rather than by trying to apply abstract general rules. So, for example, if you’re offered a bribe, you should think about what the best people you know would do in this situation and try to be like them, rather than trying to find a rule to follow or to reason your way impartially to an answer.

What is utilitarianism based on?

This lens is based on utilitarianism, the moral and political theory that actions and institutions should be designed to promote human well-being. Utilitarianism builds on three basic and widely shared intuitions about ethical conduct: about myself and others, about good and bad, and about what I should do.

What is the basic democratic demand?

The basic democratic demand is self-rule: people should govern themselves ; the distinction between ruled and rulers should be abolished. This is another way of expressing the fundamental idea of the equal moral standing of individuals which has appeared in other lenses, for example Lens 1: Fairness. But in democratic thought that idea is understood as political equality: every member of the group has equal authority to take part in real-world decision-making for the group. There are no natural hierarchies: power and authority are ours to give or to take away.

What are the limitations of evidence based practice?

Evidence-based practice has clear limitations in occupational therapy and rehabilitation. Currently, these limitations loom as major obstacles to practice behaviors that are better informed and influenced by research. In the United States, the implementation of a prospective payment system in rehabilitation will provide increased impetus ...

What is ethical dilemma?

Ethical dilemmas are a natural part of the health care enterprise. They existed before evidence-based practice became an everyday term, and they present themselves whether or not evidence-based practice is introduced into a clinical decision.

How are ethical organizations participatory?

Ethical organizations are, by their very nature, participatory—bothinternally and externally. Participatory organizations empower theiremployees to engage in decision making through delegation. Suchorganizations develop skills among employees by enabling and moti-vating them. They produce organizational commitment by encourag-ing a culture of trust that rewards and recognizes high performanceand responsibility. As a result, participatory organizations are well-known for their ability to recruit, develop, and retain talented employ-ees. Externally, participatory organizations listen to their stakeholders’concerns and are responsive to their feedback, using their knowledgeand skills to improve organizational performance. In response to theopportunity to participate, stakeholders tend to be particularly loyal to,and invested in, such organizations.

What is relationship ethics?

As a relatively new perspective, relationship ethics focuses on thecare that emerges in and through communication. Proponents of thisperspective believe that dialogue is the basis of successful relationshipsand that, ultimately, productive relationships are the foundation forethical action among individuals and within (and across) cultures.Via communication, organizational relationships among various stake-holders (e.g., employees, stockholders, executives and managers, cus-tomers, suppliers, community members) are built, developed, maintained,transformed, repaired, and, on occasion, dissolved. This perspective isinterested in the processes that enable productive and satisfying rela-tionships, such as a willingness to listen and engage others in interac-tion and a desire to establish trust through openness. Ongoing care andattention to relationships, then, is important to consider from this per-spective. Attention is focused on the evolution and negotiation of rela-tionships—and the adaptations that may be necessary to successfullysustain them. Further, relationship ethics seeks to create a dialogic

What is ethical organization?

Ethical organizations are accountable to their multiple stakeholdersin a responsible and responsive manner. This accountability is evident inthe high quality of products/services offered by such organizations.Accountable organizations view legal and industry compliance asimportant, but minimum, expectations. Rather, they also accept directresponsibility for any actions that negatively affect their stakeholders,and they seek to maximize their positive contributions to those

What is the rights perspective?

rights perspective focuses on the obligation between self andother, based on the duty that the collective owes the individual. Theduty of the collective is owed to the individual in the form of rights(e.g., equality). Similar to the duty perspective, a rights approachalso universalizes ethics and, as a result, rights are often consideredinalienable, such as in the United States Constitution. From this per-spective, then, the rights of all humans are granted, naturally, and can-not be altered because they are rationally self-evident. The goal is toestablish a social compact, or contract (hence, often called the contrac-tarian alternative to deontology), of rights that are maintained betweenindividuals and the community.

What is the first tension in ethics?

The first tension considers whether ethics is foundational or situa-tional. As you read the case studies, you should consider whetheryou believe that ethical behavior is based on a set of actions that areconstant or whether it is based on actions that are context-specific.Foundational—or universal ethics—persists while situational ethics shiftsover time.

Why do research ethics matter?

Research ethics matter for scientific integrity, human rights and dignity, and collaboration between science and society. These principles make sure that participation in studies is voluntary, informed, and safe for research subjects.

Getting ethical approval for your study

Before you start any study involving data collection with people, you’ll submit your research proposal to an institutional review board (IRB).

Types of ethical issues

There are several ethical issues you should always pay attention to in your research design, and these issues can overlap with each other.

Voluntary participation

Voluntary participation means that all research subjects are free to choose to participate without any pressure or coercion.

Informed consent

Informed consent refers to a situation in which all potential participants receive and understand all the information they need to decide whether they want to participate. This includes information about the study’s benefits, risks, funding, and institutional approval.

Anonymity

Anonymity means that you don’t know who the participants are and you can’t link any individual participant to their data.

Confidentiality

Confidentiality means that you know who the participants are, but you remove all identifying information from your report.

What is embedded ethics?

The result is Embedded EthiCS, a groundbreaking novel program that marries the disciplines of computer science and philosophy in an attempt to create change from within.

How many students are in embedded ethics?

About 2,750 students have enrolled in Embedded EthiCS courses since it began. More than 30 courses, including all classes in the computer science department, participated in the program in spring 2019.

How much is Responsible CS Challenge?

A winner of the Responsible CS Challenge in 2019, the program received a $150,000 grant for its work in technology education that helps fund two computer science postdoc positions to collaborate with the philosophy student-teachers in developing the different course modules.

How much will AI cost in 2024?

In business, tech giants like Google, Facebook, and Amazon have been using smart technologies for years, but use of AI is rapidly spreading, with global corporate spending on software and platforms expected to reach $110 billion by 2024. “A one-off course on ethics for computer scientists would not work.

What is utilitarianism? What are its principles?

Utilitarianism#N#The theory that the “right” moral act is the one that produces the greatest good for society. #N#is a prominent perspective on ethics, one that is well aligned with economics and the free-market outlook that has come to dominate much current thinking about business, management, and economics. Jeremy Bentham is often considered the founder of utilitarianism, though John Stuart Mill (who wrote On Liberty and Utilitarianism) and others promoted it as a guide to what is good. Utilitarianism emphasizes not rules but results. An action (or set of actions) is generally deemed good or right if it maximizes happiness or pleasure throughout society. Originally intended as a guide for legislators charged with seeking the greatest good for society, the utilitarian outlook may also be practiced individually and by corporations.

What does it mean when the alternative does more good than harm?

If the alternative does more good than harm, the decision maker assumes it’s ethically okay. Assuming that the greatest good for you or your company is in fact the greatest good for all—that is, looking at situations subjectively or with your own interests primarily in mind.

What is the meaning of "good" or "right"?

An action ( or set of actions) is generally deemed good or right if it maximizes happiness or pleasure throughout society. Originally intended as a guide for legislators charged with seeking the greatest good for society, the utilitarian outlook may also be practiced individually and by corporations.

What did Toyota learn from the 2010 recession?

In 2010, Toyota learned the same lesson. Underestimating the cost or harm of a certain decision to someone else or some other group of people. Favoring short-term benefits, even though the long-term costs are greater. Assuming that all values can be reduced to money.

Why do public goods require public revenues?

Public goods require public revenues (taxes) and political support to be adequately maintained. (including laws, court systems, and the government goods and services just cited) often question why there needs to be a government at all. One response might be, “Without government, there would be no corporations.”.

What are the rights and duties of the government?

The relationship between rights and duties—in both law and ethics—calls for some explanations: 1 If you have a right of free expression, the government has a duty to respect that right but can put reasonable limits on it. For example, you can legally say whatever you want about the US president, but you can’t get away with threatening the president’s life. Even if your criticisms are strong and insistent, you have the right (and our government has the duty to protect your right) to speak freely. In Singapore during the 1990s, even indirect criticisms—mere hints—of the political leadership were enough to land you in jail or at least silence you with a libel suit. 2 Rights and duties exist not only between people and their governments but also between individuals. Your right to be free from physical assault is protected by the law in most states, and when someone walks up to you and punches you in the nose, your rights—as set forth in the positive law of your state—have been violated. Thus other people have a duty to respect your rights and to not punch you in the nose. 3 Your right in legal terms is only as good as your society’s willingness to provide legal remedies through the courts and political institutions of society.

Is Kantian thinking difficult?

In the gray areas of life as it is lived, the consistency test is often difficult to apply. If breaking a promise would save a life, then Kantian thought becomes difficult to apply. If some amount of pollution can allow employment and the harm is minimal or distant, Kantian thinking is not all that helpful.

Why is ethics not definable?

-Valdemar W. Setzer. Ethics are the moral values of human behavior and the principles which govern these values.

What is ethics in medicine?

Ethics are the moral values of human behavior and the principles which govern these values. The situation becomes challenging for a doctor when he assumes the role of researcher. The doctor-researcher has to serve both the roles and at times the zeal of an investigator has the potential to cloud the morality of the physician inside.

What information is required to be submitted by the applicant for registration of the ethics committee?

The information that is required to be submitted by the applicant for registration of the ethics committee are: Name of the ethics committee. Authority under which the ethics committee has been constituted , membership requirements, the term of reference, conditions of appointment, and the quorum required.

What is the principle of autonomy?

Autonomy is the respect for the patient's “right to self-governance, choice for care, and the right to accept or refuse treatment.”[16,17] The principle of autonomy states that the patient has the right to make his or her own choice as to what procedure he or she aspires to have.

What is the WMA?

In view of the emerging situation, World Medical Association (WMA) General Assembly (Helsinki, Finland, 1964) developed a set of guidelines to safeguard the rights and well-being of subjects participating in clinical research.

What was the Willowbrook Hepatitis Study?

In Willowbrook Hepatitis Study (1956), children were deliberately infected with mild form of hepatitis, and consent was obtained from parents without informing about the hazards and giving the opportunity of school admission on participation in the study.[6] .

What are the four pillars of ethics?

The principles of ethics rest on the four pillars of autonomy, beneficence, justice, non-maleficence and recently two more pillars are added which includes, confidentiality and honesty. Ethics committees serve as a guardian of these principles.

What are the issues that you need to be aware of when completing your research project report?

There are three broad issues that you need to be aware of when completingyour research project report and communicating results with your lecturer/professor/supervisor and with clients, should they exist: plagiarism, academicfraud, and misrepresenting results .

Should participation be voluntary in research?

Participation should be voluntary in all research, and there should be nocoercion or deception (this latter issue will be discussed in the subsectionstitled “Informed Consent” and “Other, More Specific Ethical Issues”). Forthe most part, you should not be in a position to force respondents to par-ticipate, but there are some situations in which could potentially occur. Youshould remember that participants are assisting you, and they should beinvitedto participate, with a clear understanding that they are under noobligation to do so and that there will be no negative consequences for themif they do not assist you in your research.

Why Do Research Ethics Matter?

• Research ethics matter for scientific integrity, human rights and dignity, and collaboration between science and society. These principles make sure that participation in studies is voluntary, informed, and safe for research subjects. You’ll balance pursuing important research aims with using ethical research methods and procedures. It’s always necessary to prevent per…

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Getting Ethical Approval For Your Study

Types of Ethical Issues

Voluntary Participation

Informed Consent

Anonymity

Confidentiality

Potential For Harm

Results Communication

Examples of Ethical Failures