How to Cite in APA Format (7th edition) | Guide & Generator
In-Text Citations: The Basics APA citation basics. When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. ... In-text citation capitalization, quotes, and italics/underlining. Always capitalize proper nouns, including author names and initials: D. ... Short quotations. ...
Tips to Use the Citation Generator
NOTE: For electronic sources without page numbers use:
Online course or massive open online course (Mooc) Online courses, including Moocs, can be cited by providing the instructors, year of course creation (if known), title of the course, site that hosts the course, and URL.
Last Name, First Name of professor. “Title or Subject of the Lecture.” Class lecture, Course Name, College Name, Location, Month Day, Year.
References: Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, Unit code Title of the study guide: subtitle, edn (if applicable). University Name, Place. Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, Unit code Title of the study guide: subtitle, edn, rev.
Include the author of the material, the year of the course pack, the title of the material, the instructor's name (as editor), and the title of the course pack. Follow this format: Name, A. (Date).
If you are citing a class lecture, provide the lecture title in quotation marks after the professor's name, the course name and course number after the lecture title and add the word "Class lecture" (without quotation marks) after the location.
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Lecture title [Format].
Course materials - reprint from another source Previously published articles, chapters or other resources: Cite the article or chapter as if you have found it in the original source. These details should be provided within the course pack or compiled textbook as part of a correct copyright or permissions statement.
Professor's last name, Initial of first name. year, month and day of lecture. Lecture title in italics [Lecture recording]. Type of LMS platform.
Author, A. (Date of publication). Title of the handout [Class Handout]. Name of Department, Name of School, City, Province.
Though not legally required, it is the practice of BCcampus Open Education to credit authors of textbooks in the public domain as a gesture of academic courtesy. Citing an open textbook is like citing any online textbook.
Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Title of Course Pack, edited by Instructor's First Name Last Name, Douglas College, Publication Date, pp. xx-xx.
If the instructor's name is not given, use the department as editor. Use the date the course pack was issued as the date of publication. If there is no date of issue, use the current semester and year for the date of publication.
Course packs are collections of materials that instructors compile from many sources. Treat the items in your course pack like articles or chapters in an edited book that are reprinted from another source. Use the name of the instructor as the editor. If the instructor's name is not given, use the department as editor.
Unrecorded classroom lectures are considered personal communications (works that can not be recovered by readers). APA instructs to "use a personal citation only when a recoverable source is not available. For example, if you learned about a topic via a classroom lecture, it would be preferable to cite the research on which the instructor based the lecture. However, if the lecture contained original content not published elsewhere, cite the lecture as a persona communication." (Publication manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed., 2020, p. 260)
The easiest guideline to remember is how to cite a lecture in APA from your own personal notes.
A professor’s lecture in a course conducted in an LMS platform may be recorded. To cite a lecture in APA for this type of format, you will need to put the source in the References list.
Professor’s last name, Initial of first name. year, month and day of lecture. Lecture title in italics [Lecture recording]. Type of LMS platform. URL of LMS login page.
To cite a lecture in APA when your professor delivers it via PowerPoint is easy once you have mastered the previous two guidelines.
Your professor may post the PowerPoint lecture online, rather than on the course website. To cite a lecture in APA for this type of lecture, you will follow the guidelines for citing a PowerPoint lecture above, but with a minor difference in how it is written in the References list.
Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here.
Quotations from sources without pages. Direct quotations from sources that do not contain pages should not reference a page number. Instead, you may reference another logical identifying element: a paragraph, a chapter number, a section number, a table number, or something else.
If you refer to the title of a source within your paper, capitalize all words that are four letters long or greater within the title of a source: Permanence and Change. Exceptions apply to short words that are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs: Writing New Media , There Is Nothing Left to Lose.
If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work , you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference and may omit the page numbers. APA guidelines, however, do encourage including a page range for a summary or paraphrase when it will help the reader find the information in a longer work.
Examples of these types of materials include PowerPoints, Google Slides, recorded lectures, handouts, lecture notes, etc. The APA 7th edition provides guidance and ...
The APA 7th edition provides guidance and advice for citing course materials. First and foremost, the writer should consider the audience. The audience for an assignment within a course is the course instructor and, possibly, the students enrolled within the course. In this case, APA advises that because the assignment will not be formally ...
Begin with the creator of the handout. The author may also be a person. For a personal name, list the last name of the creator followed by a comma. Then, add the first and middle initials (if there is a middle initial). After each initial, add a period. If there is a middle initial, add a space between the initials.
After the date, add the title of the handout. The title should follow the general capitalization rule that says to capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle as well as proper nouns. The title should be italicized. After the title, add "Handout" in brackets. Add a period after the brackets.
When the reference is a book or journal article, use the year of publication only. However, for all other sources, if a more specific date is provided, add the more specific date to the reference.
In the event any course materials that are not formally published are used within a formally published work, the writer should revise the content with either different sources with similar content, or the writer should update the unpublished sources within the paper and cite them as personal communication.
The title should follow the general capitalization rule that says to capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle as well as proper nouns. The title should be italicized. After the title, add "Narrated PowerPoint slides" in brackets. Add a period after the brackets.
Include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source. For every in-text citation in your paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your reference list.
Keep in mind that the author may be an organization rather than a person. For sources with no author, use the title in place of an author.
In-text references should always precede punctuation marks. Below are examples of using in-text citation.