how do i cite a course without a publication date

• APA Style. If a source is missing both the author or publication date, the citation will include the title, "n.d." for "no date," and the source.
• MLA Style. If no author’s name is given for the article you are citing and there isn't a corporate author that can be identified, begin the entry with the title.
• Chicago Style. If the author or editor is unknown, the note or bibliography entry should normally begin with the title.
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• Further Help. This information is intended to be a guideline, not expert advice. ...

How do you cite without the author or publication date?

Here are examples of how it works in the three major citation styles: If a source is missing both the author or publication date, the citation will include the title, "n.d." for "no date," and the source. Make sure that there is no identifiable author. Sometimes the author is a company or other group rather than an individual.

How do you cite a course in APA format?

Select the type of course material you are citing using the tabs. In-text citation examples shown are for paraphrases and summaries ( Author-Date pattern). When citing a direct quote, you will also need to include either a page number or paragraph number ( Author-Date-# pattern).

How do you write a publication date in a works cited?

The level of detail you provide in a publication date in your Works Cited list depends on the type of source and the information available. Generally, follow the lead of the source—if it gives the full date, give the full date; if it gives just the year, so should you.

What if I cannot identify the author or publication date?

If you cannot identify the publication date, you substitute n.d. for “no date.” Here are examples of how it works in the three major citation styles: If a source is missing both the author or publication date, the citation will include the title, "n.d." for "no date," and the source. Make sure that there is no identifiable author.

When should I use footnotes in MLA style?

In MLA style , footnotes or endnotes can be used to provide additional information that would interrupt the flow of your text. This can be furth...

Should I use footnotes to cite sources in MLA style?

No, the MLA standard is to use parenthetical in-text citations to cite sources. Footnotes or endnotes can be used to add extra information th...

How should I format the Works Cited page?

According to MLA format guidelines, the Works Cited page(s) should look like this: Running head containing your surname and the page number. The...

What goes in an MLA Works Cited list?

The MLA Works Cited lists every source that you cited in your paper. Each entry contains the author , title , and publication details of the so...

Do I need to use full sentences in an MLA annotated bibliography?

No, MLA states that in an annotated bibliography , you can write short phrases instead of full sentences to keep your annotations concise. You...

How do I create an MLA header for a paper with multiple authors?

If you’re working on a group project and therefore need to list multiple authors for your paper , MLA recommends against including a normal hea...

Do I need a title page for my MLA paper?

Usually, no title page is needed in an MLA paper . A header is generally included at the top of the first page instead. The exceptions are whe...

Should I list a publication year or a full date in an MLA Works Cited entry?

The level of detail you provide in a publication date in your Works Cited list depends on the type of source and the information available. Gen...

Should I abbreviate the names of months in MLA style?

In an MLA Works Cited list , the names of months with five or more letters are abbreviated to the first three letters, followed by a period. F...

How to cite a source that doesn't have an author?

List the name of the author first in your Works Cited entry. Type the author's last name first, followed by a comma, then the author's first name. Place a period at the end of the author's first name. Example: Potter, Harry. If the source also doesn't have an author, start with the title of the source. ...

How to cite a sentence in APA format?

Since you don't have the date, type the author's name in parentheses at the end of the sentence, followed by a comma, then the abbreviation "n.d.". The parenthetical citation goes inside the closing punctuation for the sentence.

How to cite a web page in MLA?

MLA in-text citations normally require the author's last name and the page number. If the web page doesn't have any page numbers, just use the author's name. Place it in parentheses at the end of any sentence in which you refer to the source, inside the sentence's closing punctuation.

How to capitalize a source in a sentence?

Type the title of the source in sentence case, capitalizing only the first word and any proper nouns in the title, as you would in a sentence. Place a period at the end of the title. If there's a subtitle, put a colon after the title, then add the subtitle, also in sentence case, with a period at the end.

Do you need to cite a source with no author?

If you include the author's name in the text of your paper, there's no need for any parenthetical citation at the end of the sentence. If the source has no author, include the first word or two from the title in quotation marks in your parenthetical citation.

Where to put period in a sentence?

Place a period at the end, outside the closing parentheses. Example: Lovegood, L. (n.d.). If the source has no author, you would place the title in place of the author, using the same capitalization and punctuation as you would for a sentence. The abbreviation "n.d." then goes after the title.

Is WikiHow a copyright?

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What to do if you can't identify the author of a source?

Generally speaking, if you cannot identify the author of a source, you move the title to the author position in the reference list/works cited and use a shortened version of the title for the in-text citation. If you cannot identify the publication date, you substitute n.d. for “no date.”.

What to do if a source is missing the author?

If a source is missing both the author or publication date, the citation will include the title, "n.d." for "no date," and the source. Make sure that there is no identifiable author. Sometimes the author is a company or other group rather than an individual.

When to use n.d. in citations?

When the publication date of a printed work cannot be ascertained, the abbreviation n.d. takes the place of the year in the reference list entry and text citations. Though it follows a period in the reference list, n.d. remains lowercased to avoid conflation with the author’s name; in text citations, it is preceded by a comma.

When the publication date of a printed work cannot be ascertained, what is the abbreviation?

When the publication date of a printed work cannot be ascertained, the abbreviation n.d. takes the place of the year in the publication details. A guessed-at date may either be substituted (in brackets) or added. Boston, n.d.

How to abbreviate a title in a parenthetical reference?

In a parenthetical reference to a work alphabetized by title in the list of works cited, the full title (if brief) or a shortened version precedes the page , paragraph, section, or reference number or numbers (if any), unless the title appears in your text. When abbreviating the title, begin with the word by which it is alphabetized.

Basic webpage citation format

You can explore the basic citation format for a webpage using the example generator below.

Jack Caulfield

Jack is a Brit based in Amsterdam, with an MA in comparative literature. He writes and edits for Scribbr, and reads a lot of books in his spare time.

Where are in-text citations located?

In-text citations are located within the text of your paper and references are located in the references page at the end of your paper. References use a hanging indent. Click here for more information! References are double spaced . If your course material has more than one author, click here. If your course material is missing an author, date, ...

Is a reference double spaced?

Please note that according to APA formatting rules, references are double spaced in the References list (see rule 6.22 in the Publication Manual). Due to space limitations, examples of APA references provided below are single spaced.

Can you use course materials as a source?

Course materials should generally not be used as a source for assignments. Try and find another source which makes a similar point to your course materials instead of using it as a source.

Can you cite a Brightspace book if you don't see the author?

If the audience can access the sources in Brightspace or other online learning system, you will cite according to the type of resource (book, journal, PowerPoint slides, etc.). If you do not see an author, you can use Southern New Hampshire University as the group author. If you do not see a date, you can use (n.d.).