As dhimmi, 'protected people', Jews and Christians in Egypt were free to practise their religion provided they recognised the absolute rule of Islam, paid the jizya – a severe poll-tax – and did not seek converts from among the Muslim population.
Ibn Jubayr (1 September 1145 – 29 November 1217; Arabic: ابن جبير), also written Ibn Jubair, Ibn Jobair, and Ibn Djubayr, was an Arab geographer, traveller and poet from al-Andalus. His travel chronicle describes the pilgrimage he made to Mecca from 1183 to 1185, in the years preceding the Third Crusade.
Jubayr was the son of Muhammad's uncle Mut'im ibn 'Adi, and he was a pagan for much of his early years. His father refused to allow him to marry Aisha, the daughter of Abu Bakr, because Aisha and Abu Bakr were Muslim followers of Muhammad, and Jubayr would fight against the Muslims in battle.
Leaving Egypt, Ibn Jubayr crossed the Red Sea to reach Saudi Arabia and the holy cities of Mecca and Medina where he completed his Hajj. His travels took him throughout the vast stretches of the Muslim world, from Valencia to Baghdad and Basra as well as to Jerusalem, which was then still under Christian rule.Oct 6, 2016
Writing the Rihla: 1355.
Jubayr or Jubair is an Arabic masculine given name, which means "mender", "unbreaker".
AbrahaRealizing that the Kaaba was already in use for such a purpose, Abraha set out to destroy the Kaaba in order for all the pilgrims to direct themselves to his new cathedral and maximize his profits.
According to Islamic resources, it was in this year that Muhammad was born. The name is derived from an event said to have occurred at Mecca: Abraha, the Abyssinian, Christian ruler of Aksum marched upon the Ka'bah in Mecca with a large army, which included war elephants, intending to demolish it.