Nov 07, 2019 · Religion and Political Conflicts in the 16th and the 17th Century and Their SignificanceBy (Your Name)DateCourse. Political and religion conflicts played a role in the 16th and the 17th century. Most of the conflicts that took place around this time were actually driven by religion factors and the struggle for power among the different nations.
The 16th century was a period of vigorous economic expansion. This expansion in turn played a major role in the many other transformations—social, political, and cultural—of the early modern age. By 1500 the population in most areas of Europe was increasing after two centuries of …
Sep 09, 2021 · The Reformation’s Legacy. The Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic Europe, setting in …
Feb 27, 2017 · There is no question that the 16th century experienced economic expansion — it was the era of exploration and colonization. You may recall that what the Spanish found in Mexico was a lot of gold and silver. This was mined and transported to Europe. As it entered Spain, it caused inflation of prices.
War and violence While epidemic disease was by far the leading cause of the population decline of the American indigenous peoples after 1492, there were other contributing factors, all of them related to European contact and colonization. One of these factors was warfare.
How did England's transition to Protestantism usher in an era of colonization? -many people of the church decided that the reformation was too slow so they decided to leave and speed up the reformation.
Terms in this set (23) 1.1- (historical interpretation) How do most anthropologists explain the peopling of North America? Most anthropologists think people traveled on Bering Land Bridge from Siberia to Alaska and ended up in American SW. Others think they traveled by canoe close to shore.
How did political events in England affect the lives of the colonists? Britain didn't enforce the rules all the time so people got upset when they were rarely enforced. The colonies developed a taste for self government which created the conditions for a rebellion. enforcement of those policies.Dec 9, 2021
After the GR, the king and queen ruled as constitutional monarchs and promoted and empire based on commerce. After the Glourious Revolution, representatives in America followed the example of the Whigs and limited the power of crown officials.
The Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era. In northern and central Europe, reformers like Martin Luther, John Calvin and Henry VIII challenged papal ...
In England, the Reformation began with Henry VIII’s quest for a male heir. When Pope Clement VII refused to annul Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon so he could remarry, the English king declared in 1534 that he alone should be the final authority in matters relating to the English church. Henry dissolved England’s monasteries to confiscate their wealth and worked to place the Bible in the hands of the people. Beginning in 1536, every parish was required to have a copy.
Calvin’s Geneva became a hotbed for Protestant exiles, and his doctrines quickly spread to Scotland, France, Transylvania and the Low Countries , where Dutch Calvinism became a religious and economic force for the next 400 years.
In northern and central Europe, reformers like Martin Luther, John Calvin and Henry VIII challenged papal authority and questioned the Catholic Church’s ability to define Christian practice. They argued for a religious and political redistribution of power into the hands of Bible- and pamphlet-reading pastors and princes.
The Reformation: Germany and Lutheranism. Martin Luther (1483-1546) was an Augustinian monk and university lecturer in Wittenberg when he composed his “95 Theses,” which protested the pope’s sale of reprieves from penance, or indulgences.
The Catholic Church was slow to respond systematically to the theological and publicity innovations of Luther and the other reformers. The Council of Trent, which met off and on from 1545 through 1563, articulated the Church’s answer to the problems that triggered the Reformation and to the reformers themselves.
Sheltered by Friedrich, elector of Saxony, Luther translated the Bible into German and continued his output of vernacular pamphlets. When German peasants, inspired in part by Luther’ s empowering “priesthood of all believers,” revolted in 1524, Luther sided with Germany’s princes.
We know that the Inquisition had more power in the 16th century to eliminate “sorcery” from Europe. At the same time, women in ordinary culture were gaining a more active role in public life. I see the two facts as coming up against each other and leading to witch hunts.
It began when Protestant lords of Bohemia and Austria rebelled against an effort by the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II to enforce Catholicism throughout the empire. The Protestants called on Protestant countries (England, the Netherlands, Sweden) for assistance, and the Catholics called on Spain and the pope, as well as Catholic German principalities like Bavaria. So it begins as a war of religion, just like others.
It seems that the Protestant Reformation was quite inevitable in 16th century England, given the winds of change blowing from the continent of Europe and bolstered by the teaching of Luther, Calvin and Zwingli.
Mary was succeeded by Elizabeth who would enjoy one of the longest sovereign reins up until that time. Elizabeth was a staunch Protestant. Gonzalez states, “If the head of the church in England was the pope, and not the king, it followed that the marriage of Henry VII with Catherine of Aragon was valid, and that Elizabeth, born from Anne Boleyn while Catherine still lived, was illegitimate”. While Elizabeth was not a protestant extremist in practice, it was certain that she felt that Henry was justified in proclaiming himself head of the Church of England.
When Cardinal Wolsey turned to the universities over the annulment issue, Cranmer gave a good showing and assisted Henry with his support of the annulment and later assisted with the proceedings. Cranmer was then chosen to serve as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1532. Perhaps the most monumental decisions Cranmer made was to denounce the marriage of Henry to Catharine as illegal and in so doing, opened the door for his marriage to Anne. Being archbishop, and therefore under the supposed supervision of the Pope, Cranmer’s actions infuriated Clement VII. Soon after, both Henry and Cranmer were excommunicated. Cranmer’s theological positions continued to change and by 1534, it was clear that he took up a Reformist position which continued and helped to solidify the English churches break with the Church of Rome. Shortly thereafter, Anne was sent to the Tower of London for purported infidelities and Cranmer was summonsed to hear her confession. Though he supported Anne’s innocence, he declared Henry’s marriage to her null and void, and shortly after this, she was executed. Reforms continued under the guidance of Cromwell and Cranmer and after the death of Cromwell, Cranmer’s influence grew even more.
Thomas Wolsey served as the chief advisor to Henry the VIII in a position known as “Lord Chancellor”. He was born in humble surroundings, yet received a fine education and then becoming ordained as a priest in 1498. Through a series of advancements, he was appointed Royal Chaplain for Henry the VII, and it can clearly be seen that he would naturally have the ear of the royal prince who succeeded his father. In fact, Henry the VIII made Wolsey part of his “privy council”, and eventually “Lord Chancellor” In 1515. Wolsey continued to grow in stature and cultivated favorable relationships with those who could profitably help his causes. Those that did not, were equally disregarded. Wolsey was rewarded for his service to the crown and was made Bishop of Lincoln and Archbishop of York. Wolsey was not only faithful in his service to the crown, but he also held favor with Pope Leo X, who made him a Cardinal in 1515 and later, a Papal Legate in. Wolsey became one of the most powerful servants to the Crown in English history. However, this divided allegiance came to a crossroad when the issue of Henry’s annulment to Catharine of Aragon came to a head. Although Wolsey appealed to the Pope more than once to disregard the Papal “dispensation” that allowed the marriage in the first place, the Pope disregarded these attempts and as “Papal Legate” Wolsey found himself in conflict with Henry, who began to question his allegiance. By 1528, there was little more Wolsey could do and by 1529, he was arrested and accused of treason. Ordered to London to stand trial, he died en-route in 1530. To Wolsey’s credit, he did promote the education of the clergy, seeing he himself had benefited from this. Taunton states, “There are two ways of bringing about a reform; and they can be summed up in the two words, “don’t” and “do”. It is easy enough to issue prohibitory laws, and it is just as easy to evade them. This Wolsey understood; and the absence of such decrees in all his educational work is noteworthy. He built upon the more reasonable and therefore more lasting foundation of teaching men to know, and then desire to work. Ignorance, he knew, was the root of most of the mischief of the day: so by education he endeavored to give men the means to know better”. In this way, Wolsey, with his influence in the rise of a number of the universities, contributed to education reform as well.
The role of Thomas More in this period and the influence he wielded proved a bit more complex. More, like Wolsey, rose through the ranks of faithful service also becoming a member of Henrys “privy counsel” in 1517, was knighted in 1521 and became the King’s personal secretary and advisor but later, served as a liaison between Wolsey and King Henry VIII. It can clearly be seen that his sphere of influence, though not as extensive as Wolsey’s, was however rather intimate with regard to his relationship to the king. After Wolsey was deposed in 1529, More was appointed “Lord Chancellor” in his place.
In the middle of the 14th century, the Black Death swept across Europe, killing perhaps a third of the population. [1] . In the 14th century, a series of disasters shook Western European civilization to its foundations, eventually forcing major changes in Europe. [1] .
The Middle Ages, or Medieval Ages, of Europe began roughly with Charlemagne and ended in the Renaissance in the 16th century . [1] . Renaissance thinking spread to the rest of Europe from the early 16th century , and was influential for the next hundred years. [1] .
The Renaissance, a movement that stressed the ideas of the classical world, ended the medieval era and heralded the start of the modern age in Europe. (More...) Medieval Europe bequeathed a legacy to the Renaissance and beyond that continues to influence our thought, art, institutions, and culture. (More...)
The Southern Renaissance (in Italy) began during the 14th century while the Northern Renaissance is believed to have started during the 16th century. [1] . The Renaissance was a cultural movement that began in Italy in the 14th century, and spread to the rest of Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries.
POSSIBLY USEFUL. The Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt (1818-1897) in his The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (1860), by contrast, defined the Renaissance as the period between Giotto and Michelangelo in Italy, that is, the 14th to mid-16th centuries. (More...)
Middle Ages, the period in European history from the collapse of Roman civilization in the 5th century ce to the period of the Renaissance (variously interpreted as beginning in the 13th, 14th, or 15th century, depending on the region of Europe and on other factors). [1] .
From the 14th to 16th centuries, Italy experienced a Golden Age, known as the Renaissance, with wondrous feats of art and science, as well as intrigue and conflict. [1] . The Renaissance was a period of wealth, education, war, religion and most importantly, art, from the 14th through 16th centuries CE.