hold data when the computer is off or during the course of a program's operation.

secondary memory nonvolatile; holds data when the computer is off or during the course of a program's operation... also serves as archival storage, used for storing large volumes of data for long periods random access memory (RAM) volatile memory, in which data can be read from and written to; also called read-write memory (temporary storage)

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How does the computer manipulates the data?

Sep 21, 2017 · Secondary memory holds data at a time when the computer is not on an/or at a time when a program is operating its functions. This part also serves as archival storage, it is used when someone needs to store huge amount of data and for a longer period of time. Advertisement. Advertisement.

Where is the data stored on a computer?

nonvolatile. holds data when the computer is off or during the course of a program's operation. archival storage Random Access Memory (RAM) volatile memory. the data can be read from & written to; it is also called read-write memory

What holds the address of the main memory in a computer?

Dec 28, 2021 · At the core of the computer is the central processing unit or CPU, the source of control that runs all programs and instructions.In order to function, computers use two types of memory: primary ...

What is the function of the computer?

stores data and information and is usually volatile; its contents are lost when electrical power is turned off.. secondary memory nonvolatile; holds data when the computer is off or during the course of a program's operation... also serves as archival storage, used for storing large volumes of data for long periods

What allows a computer to temporarily store data and programs?

Storage usually means secondary storage. Secondary storage consists of devices, such as diskettes, which can store data and programs outside the computer itself. These devices supplement the computer's memory, which, as we will see, can hold data and programs only temporarily.

Which of the following is considered a basic task in the context of computer operations?

In mathematics and computer science, an operation is an event that is carried out to satisfy a given task. Basic operations of a computer system are input, processing, output, storage, and control. The most important software that runs on a computer is an operating system.

Is a type of server that stores computer software which users can access from their workstations?

In computing, a file server (or fileserver) is a computer attached to a network that provides a location for shared disk access, i.e. storage of computer files (such as text, image, sound, video) that can be accessed by the workstations that are able to reach the computer that shares the access through a computer ...

Which information system is used to manage manufacturing resources?

Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) is an integrated information system used by businesses. Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) evolved from early Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) systems by including the integration of additional data, such as employee and financial needs.

When you are doing task on a computer you use?

Explanation: Software is a program that enables a computer to perform a specific task, as opposed to the physical components of the system (hardware).Jan 9, 2021

Which part of computer is used for typing data?

Keyboard. A 'keyboard' is a human interface device which is represented as a layout of buttons. Each button, or key, can be used to either input an alphanumeric character to a computer, or to call upon a particular function of the computer. It acts as the main text entry interface for most users.

What is server and types server?

There are many types of servers, including web servers, mail servers, and virtual servers. An individual system can provide resources and use them from another system at the same time. This means that a device could be both a server and a client at the same time.

What is a server in computers?

A server is a computer program or device that provides a service to another computer program and its user, also known as the client. In a data center, the physical computer that a server program runs on is also frequently referred to as a server.

What is a server software?

Server software is a type of software that is designed to be used, operated and managed on a computing server. It provides and facilitates the harnessing of underlying server computing power for use with an array of high-end computing services and functions.

What is manufacturing resource planning?

Manufacturing Resource Planning is a system that is used to effectively plan the use of a manufacturer's resources. The integrated information system facilitates the decision-making process for management by centralizing, integrating, and processing information related to the manufacturing process.

What are the two resource planning systems?

Both types of resource planning systems (ERP and MRP) streamline and integrate core back-end business processes. These include everything from production planning and quality control, to supply chain management and shipping.

What is Manufacturing Resource Planning PDF?

Manufacturing resource planning (MRP II) is defined by APICS as a method for the effective planning of all resources of a manufacturing company. ... This is not exclusively a software function, but a marriage of people skills, dedication to data base accuracy, and computer resources.

How does a computer use memory?

RAM may be the most common reference to computer memory; however, computers will use all types in a basic hierarchy. Once the computer is turned on, the computer accesses read-only memory (ROM) and makes a quick test of the pieces of memory to ensure there are no errors.

What is the most common term used to describe RAM?

While the terms 'primary memory', 'main storage', 'primary storage', 'internal storage', 'main memory', and 'RAM' are used interchangeably, the most common term used is random access memory or RAM, which is the data that contains instructions for processing computer operations: like the hapless gardener, the memory is used only for as long as the program needing it is running. Some of the reasons that a computer only needs the memory for processing include:

Why is virtual memory important?

Virtual memory basically tells the computer to think that it has more memory than it really does. It helps the computer run huge programs that won't fit into RAM.

What is the core of a computer?

At the core of the computer is the central processing unit or CPU, the source of control that runs all programs and instructions. In order to function, computers use two types of memory: primary and secondary. The main storage is the primary memory, and data and programs are stored in secondary memory. However, memory is not stored in the CPU, but ...

Why is caching used?

Therefore, caching is used: The data is then made instantly available, creating small pieces of memory called Level 1 cache. It is usually a very small amount of memory.

Why do we need RAM?

While the terms 'memory' and 'RAM' are used interchangeably, the most common term used is random access memory or RAM, which is the data that contains instructions for processing computer operations: like the hapless gardener, the memory is used only for as long as the program needing it is running. Some of the reasons that a computer only needs the memory for processing include: 1 The computer needs to be powered on for most programs to run; once the power is off, the memory storage is wiped out. 2 No single program can use all the memory. Programs running simultaneously need to share memory, meaning it is split among those programs. 3 The memory storage may not be big enough to hold the processing data, so it is released when it's done.

What is cache memory?

Description: Cache memory is a high-speed memory, which is small in size but faster than the main memory (RAM). The CPU can access it more quickly than the primary memory. So, it is used to synchronize with a high-speed CPU and to improve its performance. 8) Computer address bus is -. Multidirectional.

What is RAM storage?

Description: The data and the information stored in the storage are permanent. It holds the high-capacity data which are not held in the computer memory. In computer systems, memory is a RAM, which stores the data and information temporarily. RAM contains everything which is currently running on our computer.

What is RAM on a computer?

Description: RAM, stands for Random Access Memory. It is a hardware device generally located on the motherboard of a computer and acts as an internal memory of the CPU. It is the read and write memory of a computer, which means the information can be written to it as well as read from it.

What is binary form?

Answer: (c) Binary form. Description: In a computer, the data is stored in binary form that is in the form of binary digit 0, and 1. 0 means OFF, and 1 means ON. A binary number is a base 2 number because it is either 0 or 1. Any combination of 0 and 1 is a binary number such as 1001, 101, 11111, 101010, etc.

What is a flip flop?

Answer: (a) Flip Flop. Description: Flip-flop is a digital memory circuit, and with the help of the flip-flop, we can store one bit of information. The fundamental blocks of various sequential circuits are flip-flops. Flip-flop is also called a bistable multivibrator or one-bit or binary.

How many bytes are in a kilobyte?

In SI (International System of units), the prefix kilo in Kilobyte means 1000. So, one kilobyte is 1000 bytes. In Decimal (i.e., with base 10), 1 kilobyte is equal to 1000 bytes, and in binary (with base 2), 1 kilobyte is equivalent to 1024 bytes. A kilobyte is that unit, which is larger than a byte (B) and smaller than the unit megabyte (MB).

What is physical address space?

Answer: (b) Physical address. Description: Physical address space in a system can be defined as the size of the main memory. It is really important to compare the process size with the physical address space. The process size must be less than the physical address space.

Where is data stored?

All data is stored in the computer as numbers.

What is the most important part of a computer?

The processor is the most important part of a computer, the component around which everything else is centered. In essence, the processor is the computing part of the computer. A processor is an electronic device capable of manipulating data (information) in a way specified by a sequence of instructions.

What is the purpose of designing a computer?

It’s all about processing information. Designing a computer, therefore, is about designing a machine that holds and manipulates data. Computer systems fall into essentially two separate categories. The first, and most obvious, is that of the desktop computer.

How to tell when an I/O device is ready?

There are two ways of telling when an I/O device (such as a serial controller or a disk controller) is ready for the next sequence of data to be transferred. The first is busy waiting or polling , where the processor continuously checks the device’s status register until the device is ready. This wastes the processor’s time but is the simplest to implement. For some time-critical applications, polling can reduce the time it takes for the processor to respond to a change of state in a peripheral.

What is the second type of computer?

When you say “computer” to someone, this is the machine that usually comes to her mind. The second type of computer is the embedded computer, a computer that is integrated into another system for the purposes of control and/or monitoring.

How many interrupts does a processor have?

Small, simple processors may only have one (or two) interrupt inputs, so several external devices may have to share the interrupt lines of the processor. When an interrupt occurs, the processor must check each device to determine which one generated the interrupt. (This can also be considered a form of polling.)

Is an embedded computer a router?

Large-scale embedded computers may also take the same form. For example, they may act as a network router or gateway, and so will require one or more network interfaces, large memory, and fast operation. They may also require some form of user interface as part of their embedded application and, in many ways, may simply be a conventional computer dedicated to a specific task. Thus, in terms of hardware, many high-performance embedded systems are not that much different from a conventional desktop machine.

Why is the datapath not used in modern processors?

The single-cycle datapath is not used in modern processors, because it is inefficient. The critical path (longest propagation sequence through the datapath) is five components for the load instruction. The cycle time t c is limited by the settling time t s of these components. For a circuit with no feedback loops, t c > 5t s. In practice, t c = 5kt s, with large proportionality constant k, due to feedback loops, delayed settling due to circuit noise, etc. Additionally, as shown in the table on p. 374 of the textbook, it is possible to compute the required execution time for each instruction class from the critical path information. The result is that the Load instruction takes 5 units of time, while the Store and R-format instructions take 4 units of time. All the other types of instructions that the datapath is designed to execute run faster, requiring three units of time.

What is the implementational goal of datapath?

The implementational goal is balancing of the work performed per clock cycle, to minimize the average time per cycle across all instructions. For example, each step would contain one of the following:

What is datapath in a computer?

Datapath is the hardware that performs all the required operations, for example, ALU, registers, and internal buses. Control is the hardware that tells the datapath what to do, in terms of switching, operation selection, data movement between ALU components, etc.

What is a single cycle datapath?

In the single-cycle datapath control, we designed control hardware using a set of truth tables based on control signals activated for each instruction class. However, this approach must be modified for the multicycle datapath, which has the additional dimension of time due to the stepwise execution of instructions. Thus, the multicycle datapath control is dependent on the current step involved in executing an instruction, as well as the next step.

What is FSC in hardware?

The FSC can be implemented in hardware using a read-only memory (ROM) or programmable logic array (PLA), as discussed in Section C.3 of the textbook. Combinatorial logic implements the transition function and a state register stores the current state of the machine (e.g., States 0 through 9 in the development of Section 4.4.2). The inputs are the IR opcode bits, and the outputs are the various datapath control signals (e.g., PCSrc, ALUop, etc.)

What is a register file?

The register file (RF) is a hardware device that has two read ports and one write port (corresponding to the two inputs and one output of the ALU). The RF and the ALU together comprise the two elements required to compute MIPS R-format ALU instructions. The RF is comprised of a set of registers that can be read or written by supplying a register number to be accessed, as well (in the case of write operations) as a write authorization bit. A block diagram of the RF is shown in Figure 4.4a.

What is microinstruction in programming?

A microinstruction is an abstraction of low-level control that is used to program control logic hardware. The microinstruction format should be simple, and should discourage or prohibit inconsistency. (An inconsistent microinstruction requires a given control signal to be set to two different values simultaneously, which is physically impossible.)