The concern for the survival of wild species is called wildlife conservation and involves preventing human impacts on wildlife ecosystems, breeding programs to repair damage already done, education, and engagement. Wildlife is threatened across the world because of humans.
There are many issues of interest to animal welfare activists. Some of the most significant ones include the survival of wild species, living conditions of animals in zoos, humane practices in the food industry, and animal testing. Let's look at a few of these issues in depth.
Strategic issues are the ones that you’re losing sleep over. They’re the ones you think about when you’re driving home from the office. They’re the elephants in the room keeping your organization from reaching its goals. There are two types of strategic issues; external and internal.
Simply put, internal strategic issues are the “big problems” your organization faces that you have direct influence and impact over. Get the Free Guide to Build Your Strategic Objectives (with Examples!) Which best describes your current planning stage?* We are building a strategic plan. We are implementing and executing a strategic plan.
Human–wildlife conflicts are increasing throughout the world, principally due to a combination of human population growth, increased pressure on land and natural resources and climate change. Many human–wildlife conflicts stem from differences in objectives between various stakeholder groups, especially where the wildlife in question is a resource that can be exploited for economic or cultural benefit, or where the conservation of wildlife is at odds with human population growth or development pressure. Conflicts can be exacerbated by an incomplete understanding of their causes and/or inappropriate intervention measures. Many traditional forms of intervention are also subject to increasing scrutiny and criticism from society. Here, we highlight the potential strategic benefits that can be made by an interdisciplinary approach to human–wildlife conflict situations, by integrating knowledge and understanding across the natural and social sciences. We also stress the potential tactical benefits from combining new approaches to management with more traditional ones. We emphasise the potential contribution of more recent developments in decision-making under conditions of limited data availability and uncertainty. Finally, we recommend that monitoring should play a more prominent role, both in assessing the role of stakeholder engagement in participatory decision-making and in contributing to the evidence base that will allow competing hypotheses about specific systems to be evaluated in an iterative manner.
Best practices in wildlife disease management require robust evolutionary ecological research (EER). This means not only basing management decisions on evolutionarily sound reasoning, but also conducting management in a way that actively contributes to the on-going development of that research. Because good management requires good science, and good science is ‘good’ science (i.e., effective science is often science conducted ethically), good management therefore also requires practices that accord with sound ethical reasoning. To that end, we propose a two-part framework to assist decision makers to identify ethical pitfalls of wildlife disease management. The first part consists of six values – freedom, fairness, well-being, replacement, reduction, and refinement; these values, developed for the ethical evaluation of EER practices, are also well suited for evaluating the ethics of wildlife disease management. The second part consists of a decision tree to help identify the ethically salient dimensions of wildlife disease management and to guide managers toward ethically responsible practices in complex situations. While ethical reasoning cannot be used to deduce from first principles what practices should be undertaken in every given set of circumstances, it can establish parameters that bound what sorts of practices will be acceptable or unacceptable in certain types of scenarios.
Whether captive or non-captive, consumptive or non-consumptive, targeted or non-targeted, guided or non-guided, wildlife tourism activities have traditionally been dominated by an anthropocentric worldview that recognizes wildlife only for its extrinsic value. This chapter argues that the advent of the Anthropocene provides an opportunity for humans to accept responsibility for how they engage with animals in tourism settings and ethically reassess this engagement. Reviewing theories of ethics dealing with animals, tourism, the environment and conservation, the conclusion is drawn that in order to effectively manage wildlife tourism for the equitable benefit of both humans and wildlife, and thus create a viable wildlife tourism ethic, valuable lessons can be extracted from an approach that embodies compassionate conservation.
Abstract Compassionate conservation is an emerging field in conservation that seeks to integrate animal protection and conservation to achieve either improved conservation outcomes, particularly where conservation priorities and humanwildlife conflict, or the same outcomes, but with less pain and suffering for wildlife. In the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Eastern Grey Kangaroos (EGKs) are culled to reduce grazing pressure on threatened native grasslands and woodlands. We integrate decision-making criteria about animal protection into planning of wildlife-management to formulate a compassionate conservation management case study. The management criteria include a series of guiding questions: Is management necessary? Will intervention (management of EGKs) achieve the desired conservation outcomes? And, if intervention is necessary, is killing necessary? We found that kangaroos can be managed without culling. The conflict between conservation goals and kangaroo abundance is likely to be accentuated during extended drought. In the short-term, methods for improving rates of habitat recovery can include fencing of threatened grassland communities and reduction of kangaroo density via translocation. Human activity must also be monitored as multiple human-caused biotic and abiotic disturbances are known to have a strong impact on biodiversity of the native grassland habitats. In the medium to longterm, Eastern Grey Kangaroos have the potential for maintaining stable populations, and their herbivory is necessary for grassland function and nutrient cycling. Finally, we suggest that compassionate conservation and adaptive management can work well together as social values shift towards greater emphasis on animal protection.
This paper considers the sociocultural implications of biological pest control that sit at the cusp of managing an invasive species for conservation or productivity (i.e. a ‘natural enemy’) and socially driven ‘manipulating life’ arguments. We consider the role of perceived humaneness or, more accurately, animal welfare as it relates to managing invasive species from a scientific and social perspective. In order to highlight and articulate particular nuances and standards across different pest control contexts, we use three case examples (feral cats, wild rabbits, and invasive cane toads) and explore where biological pest control and animal welfare interests intersect. The paper summarises key scientific welfare concerns and then extends the literature to also examine key social characteristics of each pest management scenario, including lay perceptions of animal welfare, the sociocultural context that pests exist within, and overarching psychological factors contributing to public sentiment, including perceived risks. The subsequent descriptive model presented is useful in articulating core sociocultural beliefs relative to each case and how these antecedent associations and attitudes about an animal influence subsequent beliefs about a pest management strategy and ultimately acceptance of the management approach. The model can inform invasive species management policies and highlight key sociocultural factors likely to influence public responses. The model also informs interdisciplinary science designed to develop acceptable and socially responsible biocontrol strategies that consider public perceptions of animal welfare and cultural appropriateness.
Echinococcus multilocularis, the zoonotic agent of human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), has considerably extended its range and became more prevalent in many parts of the endemic areas. Accordingly, there is an increasing demand for measures to prevent human infections. Rising public awareness of this zoonosis and individual protective actions should be part of every prevention program. Considering the high reproduction of E. multi locularis in domestic dogs which live in close contact to humans, a monthly deworming scheme for domestic dogs with access to rodents is likely to be of high importance. This holds true if only low prevalences in domestic dogs are recorded, as high densities of these pets can easily outweigh low infections rates. Thus, in central Europe their estimated contribution to environmental contamination with E. multilo cularis eggs ranges between 4-19%. The estimated contribution of domestic cats is insignificant (<0.3%) due to low parasite reproduction in this species. Control of the parasite by reducing its main wildlife hosts (foxes, vole species) is barely achievable on a larger scale and is generally not well accepted due to ecological considerations and animal welfare concerns. In general, the frequency of the parasite sharply decreases when anthelmintic baits are regularly distributed to foxes. However, eradication of the parasite is unlikely and long-term baiting campaigns are actually the most effective tool to significantly lower the infection pressure with parasite eggs. Regarding the long latency of 5-15 years of AE, however, such measures can only be cost effective if they are pursued for several decades and concentrate on restricted areas which are most relevant for the transmission of AE such as highly endemic areas in densely populated zones. Thus, the implementation of this approach strongly depends on factors such as public attitude, available financial resources and priority setting of political decision-makers.
An account of global initiatives in invasive alien species, including vertebrates, was presented based on the author’s experience and that of colleagues, mainly in the developing world. The account focused on those programs which highlight typical problems or best practice for design and which promised improvements in the future. Some of the characteristics of these programs were described and discussed. Techniques used in vertebrate control programs, especially in developing island states, were also described with a commentary on their efficacy and suitability for use. Finally, some future directions were recommended in terms of the design of in-country and regional programs and the methodology best suited for these programs.
The results of the authors’ research in a scientific monograph are devoted to solving the problems of forming and improving new concepts and strategies for managing economic systems, and mechanisms for their implementation in the context of modern world challenges to society on the basis of models of managing economic entities. An important component of the scientific monograph is the formation of modern strategies for increasing the competitiveness of economic systems, improving corporate structures, innovative restructuring of enterprises, ensuring environmental safety, approaches to implementing a supply chain logistics management system, making effective decisions in the forecasting system, developing e-commerce, implementation of information technologies in project financing, controlling, education system, etc. The research results presented in the scientific monograph reflect the theoretical and practical aspects of the implementation of organizational-economic mechanisms for managing economic systems in the context of modern world challenges, conditions of constantly changing market conditions and instability of markets for goods and services, preservation and optimization of the resource potential of economic enti ties, the introduction of modern innovative technologies and digitalization of economic activities.
Firms should be sensitive to environment, so they should protect it, and use it productively. Environmental action is one of the most rational behaviours of firms, in terms of increasing efficiency, protecting nature, securing future, and sustainability. Corporate environmentalism is also essential for firms to gain consumer appreciate and support that will increase sales of goods or services. Image as a key element of high competitive business life depends on both the quality of goods or services, and the social responsibility activities which the firm implements affects the preference and demands of consumers. Environmentalist action in terms of obeying rules of related law will make it easier to set up good relations with governments. Policy is also important to take general government support. Environmental policies are an important part of organizational strategy. This study aims to evaluate natural environmental policies of businesses in terms of gathering together views from the literature.
Increasingly, organizations are embedding sustainability into business functions—including new product development—to increase business value. As more companies come to see sustainability as an opportunity rather than a cost, processes and tools are needed to facilitate the embedding of environmental sustainability into new product development. Several practical tools are available, both to advance the sustainability mindset in the organization and to ensure that sustainability is included as a fundamental building block of new product development. This article describes several of them and reports on their adoption.
Some of the most significant ones include the survival of wild species, living conditions of animals in zoos, humane practices in the food industry, and animal testing. Let's look at a few of these issues in depth.
Wildlife is threatened across the world because of humans.
Key issues in the area of animal welfare include animal testing, living conditions in zoos, wildlife conservation, and treatment of animals in the food industry . Wildlife conservation is the protection of animals in the wild from human impacts, including breeding programs to repair the damage done.
People who are interested in animal welfare note that the least we can do is give animals a happy and comfortable life before we take that life away and that it is our duty to make sure they are not given undue stress or harm during their lives. Yet another issue is that of animal testing.
Animal welfare is the well-being of animals, and it is an area of activism, science, and political action . Animal welfare activists want to improve conditions for animals, especially animals that are reliant on human care.
Treatment of animals in the food industry is also an issue, since animals are often confined into small spaces, and killed inhumanely. And the living conditions of animals in zoos is also important. Thanks to research these conditions are improving all the time.
We destroy habitats, break them up in ways that damage migration routes, and change conditions, causing the natural world to degrade through climate change, hunting, poaching, and pollution. The living conditions of animals in zoos is another part of animal welfare.
Strategic issues are the ones that you’re losing sleep over. They’re the ones you think about when you’re driving home from the office. They’re the elephants in the room keeping your organization from reaching its goals. There are two types of strategic issues; external and internal.
Internal strategic issues are ones which your organization faces because of internal factors. One of our clients is a global technology company who is struggling to scale to deliver against revenue growth. That’s an internal strategic issue.