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In due course of time the meander loop cuts off from the river and forms a cut-off lake, which is also called an ox-bow lake. Sometimes, the river overflows its banks causing flood in the neighboring areas. As it floods, it deposits layers of fine soil and other material called sediments along its banks.
Rivers change course, as you can see in the beautiful map below, which shows the river's meanderings. As rivers move from higher elevations to lower ones, the amount of energy contained in the water goes down. All the stuff the water had been carrying along in swifter waters starts to fall to the bottom of the river as sediment. In the lower portion of the Mississippi, the river moves very slowly. It's a broad, shallow river.
That water goes into the atmosphere where eventually it gets agglomerated into storm systems, which the wind carries over the land until it gets released as precipitation and falls to the ground in some form. The liquid water wants to take the path of least resistance to lower elevation. According to the topology of a place, natural channels for the water develop. These are rivers. Rivers are connected together in vast networks of tributaries, which feed water into the main river channel, and distributaries, which pull water out of the main channel.
That's a flood. Like all other rivers, pretty much, the Mississippi floods. Before humans built stable settlements, you could move away from the water, but if your town happens to sit near a river, you're stuck. The river is going to want to flood and you're going to want to stop it. That's the tension of the river.
Sometimes, when a river overflows its banks, it can reach a new channel that provides a more direct pathway to wherever the river wants to go. If that happens, the new channel can become the main channel. If the Mississippi were allowed to do what it wanted, what is now the Atchafalaya River would become the new ending of the Mississippi. Again, in a purely natural world, that would be a six of one, half dozen of the other situation. But now human systems depend on the Mississippi remaining roughly as it was in 1900 when we started to build massive amounts of infrastructure.
By the time of the great 1927 flood, there were 1500 miles of levees, and that was only the beginning. It was the Flood Control Act of 1928 and various addenda that would create and refine the Mississippi River and Tributaries project, which is managed by the Army Corps of Engineers.
John McPhee locates the beginning of the problem with the Mississippi way back at the founding of New Orleans. By 1724, a decree to build levees had already been promulgated. Things have only gotten worse since then. By 1812, there were already hundreds of miles of levee along the west bank.
It's a broad, shallow river. As the water moves basically south towards the Gulf of Mexico, it encounters bends. Differences in the forces at work on the inside and outside of a bend mean that the inner side tends to build up with with sediment while the outer side gets eroded away.
Answer: The running water in the river erodes the landscape. When the river tumbles at a steep angle over very hard rocks or down a deep valley side it forms a waterfall. While entering the plain the river twists and turns and forms large bends which are known as meanders. Due to continuous erosion and deposition along the sides of the meander, the ends of the meander loop come closer and closer.
Answer: Glaciers are rivers of ice that erode the landscape by destroying soil and stones to expose the solid rock below. Glaciers carve out deep hollows. As the ice melts they get filled up with water and become beautiful lakes in the mountains. The material carried by the glacier such as rocks big and small, sand and silt gets deposited. These deposits form glacial moraines.
Answer: A seismograph is a machine which measures an earthquake.
Examples: Weathering, gradation, erosion, deposition. cause changes on the surface of the earth. Examples: Volcanoes and Earthquakes. Erosion is the wearing away of the landscape by different agents like running water, glacier, wind, ground water and sea waves.
vibrations of the earthquakes. They tear apart due to shallow foundation, sub-standard interior material, and lack of adequate steel. They collapse and fall down like a pack of papers/cards.