A time series plot is a graph where some measure of time makes up the units on the x -axis. This is now called the time-axis, and the y -axis contains the data regarding what is being measured. A trend is a change that occurs in a general direction.
A discontinuity in a time series plot is a break in data over a period of time. In the welfare payment graph, if no data was taken for a few years, there would be a gap in the graph. A time series plot is a graph where some measure of time makes up the units on the x -axis.
A short-term fluctuation on a time series plot is when there is a minimal change in data, but the overall trend remains the same. This can be seen on a graph of temperature versus time. Measuring ocean temperatures over several decades shows a trend in ocean temperatures.
Because Equation 14.4.10 has the form of an algebraic equation for a straight line, y = mx + b, with y = 1/ [A] and b = 1/ [A] 0, a plot of 1/ [A] versus t for a simple second-order reaction is a straight line with a slope of k and an intercept of 1/ [A] 0. Second-order reactions generally have the form 2A → products or A + B → products.
The reason this happens is because the enzyme becomes saturated with substrate. When substrate concentration is low, many of the enzymes in solution aren't doing anything, so they're readily available to convert substrate into product.
Initially, an increase in substrate concentration leads to an increase in the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. As the enzyme molecules become saturated with substrate, this increase in reaction rate levels off.
The longer an enzyme is incubated with its substrate, the greater the amount of product that will be formed. However, the rate of formation of product is not a simple linear function of the time of incubation. All proteins suffer denaturation, and hence loss of catalytic activity, with time.
Formation of product in an enzyme-catalysed reaction, plotted against time. A common reason for this slowing down of the speed (rate) of the reaction is that the substrate within the mixture is being used up and thus becoming limiting.
Initially, an increase in substrate concentration leads to an increase in the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. As the enzyme molecules become saturated with substrate, this increase in reaction rate levels off.
This is because a point will be reached when the enzymes become saturated and no more substrates can fit at any one time even though there is plenty of substrate available. As the substrate concentration increases so does the rate of enzyme activity.
Several factors affect the rate at which enzymatic reactions proceed - temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators.
The initial rate of reaction is when concentrations of enzyme and substrate are known, so this allows fair comparison if you then change initial concentrations of enzymes or substrate.
Enzymes are biological catalysts. Catalysts lower the activation energy for reactions. The lower the activation energy for a reaction, the faster the rate. Thus enzymes speed up reactions by lowering activation energy.
This means that as the enzyme concentration decreases, the reaction rate will decrease. In most biological environments, the concentration of the enzyme is lower than the concentration of the substrate. The relationship between enzyme concentration and enzyme activity is directly proportional.