crash course how cells make proteins

Proteins are formed when amino acids join through peptide bonds, which is why they are also called polypeptides. The peptide bonds between the amino acids are formed by a process called dehydration synthesis.

Full Answer

How are proteins made from DNA?

Proteins are made of a long chain of amino acids, which has been coded for by DNA. The order of the bases of DNA determines which protein is made, by coding for a specific order of amino acids. This is protein synthesis, and in this video we are going to look at how it works.

How is protein synthesized from mRNA?

Protein Synthesis | Biology for All | FuseSchool. Transfer RNA or tRNA molecules, carrying specific amino acids, base pair with the mRNA inside the ribosome. So the tRNA brings in the amino acids and the mRNA provides the information of the exact order that the amino acids need to be bonded together in, to ensure the correct protein is made.

What happens to the material in the introns of proteins?

The material in the introns will stay in the nucleus and get recycled. So for instance, titin down there is thought to have hundreds of exons when it's all said and done, probably more than 360, which may be more than any other protein. And it also contains the longest intron in humans, some 17 thousand base pairs long.

How does a cell make proteins?

To build proteins, cells use a complex assembly of molecules called a ribosome. The ribosome assembles amino acids into the proper order and links them together via peptide bonds. This process, known as translation, creates a long string of amino acids called a polypeptide chain.

How is protein made in a cell GCSE?

Protein synthesis consists of two stages – transcription and translation. In transcription the DNA code is read, and in translation the code is used to build up protein molecules. DNA is a triplet code. Each triplet, a group of three bases, codes for a specific amino acid.

What are the 4 steps of protein creation?

Steps of TranscriptionInitiation is the beginning of transcription. It occurs when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. ... Elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mRNA strand.Termination is the ending of transcription. The mRNA strand is complete, and it detaches from DNA.

Where are proteins made in the cell?

Explanation: Ribosomes are the sites where proteins are synthesised. The transcription process where the code of the DNA is copied occurs in nucleus but the main process of translating that code to form other protein occurs in ribosomes.

How are proteins made quizlet?

How are proteins formed? When many amino acids are bonded by condensation synthesis. Peptide bonds are formed between them.

How are proteins made simple?

Proteins are made inside cells. When a cell makes a protein it is called protein synthesis. The instructions for how to make a protein are held in DNA molecules inside the cell nucleus. The two major stages in making a protein are called transcription and translation.

How do you make a protein?

Within a protein, multiple amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds, thereby forming a long chain. Peptide bonds are formed by a biochemical reaction that extracts a water molecule as it joins the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of a neighboring amino acid.

What are the 5 steps of protein synthesis?

5 Major Stages of Protein Synthesis (explained with diagram) |...(a) Activation of amino acids:(b) Transfer of amino acid to tRNA:(c) Initiation of polypeptide chain:(d) Chain Termination:(e) Protein translocation:

How does the cell make proteins inside the ribosome?

With the mRNA offering instructions, the ribosome connects to a tRNA and pulls off one amino acid. The tRNA is then released back into the cell and attaches to another amino acid. The ribosome builds a long amino acid (polypeptide) chain that will eventually be part of a larger protein.

What are cell proteins?

Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs.

Where does protein come from?

Animal-based foods (meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy foods) tend to be good sources of complete protein, while plant-based foods (fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, and seeds) often lack one or more essential amino acid.

Why do mitochondria have mutations?

Their DNA, like all DNA, undergoes mutations as a result of replication errors or damage through sunlight or free radicals. Since mitochondria are the site of oxidative respiration they generate a lot of free radicals. They also replicate independently and more frequently than the cells that contain them.

What is sickle cell anemia?

Sickle-cell anemia is a genetic disease where the blood cells aren't in their correct doughnut-like shape, and they are more of a crescent moon (or sickle) shape. They can't carry oxygen very well. People with sickle-cell anemia are usually tired, or dizzy, and it can be painful in the heart.

Does the number of chromosomes correlate with the complexity of the host organism?

It is important to note that the number of chromosomes does not correlate with the level of complexity of the hosting organism! As usual, wikipedia is your friend: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome#Number_of_chromosomes_in_various_organisms. Often the number of chromosomes rises due to breeding.

Do mitochondrial DNA cells replicate independently?

They also replicate independently and more frequently than the cells that contain them. This means they can accumulate quite a lot of errors and since there is no crossing with the father's mitochondrial DNA, there is no way to get rid of the errors.

Does digestion occur in mitochondria?

Digestion refers to the breakdown of food into smaller components, which produces the glucose that mitochondria will use, but digestion itself does not occur in mitochondria or golgi bodies. 2 comments. Comment on Chairmanao's post “Golgi bodies are used for packing and sending prot...”.

How long does it take for a cell to reproduce?

It isn't a set time, but since most body cells reproduce take between 20 minutes and 24 hours (with the exception of liver, egg and nerve cells which take upwards of a year to reproduce), it would only take a fraction of that time. 4 comments. Comment on Sund4ncekid007's post “It isn't a set time, but ...”.

Why did Hank break into the Hot Pockets factory?

Hank imagines himself breaking into the Hot Pockets factory to steal their secret recipes and instruction manuals in order to help us understand how the processes known as DNA transcription and translation allow our cells to build proteins. Created by EcoGeek.