There are five key concepts in the Health Promotion Model: person, environment, nursing, health, and illness. The person is a biophysical organism shaped by the environment, but also seeks to create an environment in which human potential can be fully expressed. Because of this, the relationship between person and environment is reciprocal.
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She is currently retired, and spends her time consulting on health promotion research nationally and internationally. Nola Pender developed her Health Promotion model, often abbreviated HPM, after seeing professionals intervening only after patients developed acute or chronic health problems.
Nola J. Pender, PhD, RN, FAAN - former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan The health promotion model notes that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that affect subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and affect have important motivational significance.
The health promotion model (HPM) proposed by Nola J Pender (1982; revised, 1996) was designed to be a “complementary counterpart to models of health protection.” It defines health as a positive dynamic state not merely the absence of disease. Health promotion is directed at increasing a client’s level of well being.
In practices, nurses should focus on understanding and addressing the variables most predictive of given health behaviors. There are five key concepts in the Health Promotion Model: person, environment, nursing, health, and illness.
Pender's health promotion model concentrates on three major categories: individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect and lastly, the behavioral outcomes (Butts & Rich, 2018, p. 446).
Pender's health promotion model defines health as “a positive dynamic state not merely the absence of disease.” Health promotion is directed at increasing a client's level of well-being. It describes the multi-dimensional nature of persons as they interact within the environment to pursue health.
The major concepts of the Health Promotion Model are individual characteristics and experiences, prior behavior, and the frequency of the similar behavior in the past. Direct and indirect effects on the likelihood of engaging in health-promoting behaviors.
- Health Promotion Model indicates preventative health measures and describes the critical function of nurses in helping patients prevent illness by self-care and bold alternatives.
Individual characteristics and life experiences shape behaviors. The environment is described as the social, cultural, and physical context in which life unfolds. It can be manipulated by the individual to create a positive context of cues and facilitators for health-enhancing behaviors.
The small circle stands for the three basic strategies for health promotion, “enabling, mediating, and advocacy”.
Human beings, environment, and health are three of the four concepts central to models of nursing, with nursing being the fourth, as opposed to nutrition.
Ida Jean Orlando's goal is to develop a theory of effective nursing practice. The theory explains that the nurse's role is to find out and meet the patient's immediate needs for help. According to the theory, all patient behavior can be a cry for help.