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Delusions are false beliefs which are not shared by other members of an individual's cultural or social group and which arise from the incorrect interpretation of external events . Characteristically, these beliefs are unshakable and not amenable to reason, however illogical or unreasonable they may seem to others.
Depression: In severe depression, delusions may be present, with typical themes of guilt, deserved punishment, poverty, death, nihilism and catastrophe. Sufferers may come to believe they have committed some terrible sin or heinous crime, and deserve punishment.
The diagnosis is made by skilled questioning of the patient about beliefs and experiences, and by interviewing close relatives and friends of the patient. The doctor will also carry out a physical examination and make blood tests to ensure there is no underlying physical cause.
After recovery from such an illness, you may need to take medication for some months or years; and to take precautions against undue stress, to reduce the risk of relapse.
Diagnosis. A delusion is a strongly-held or fixed false belief that conflicts with reality. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) defines delusions as fixed beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence.
People with delusions may also exhibit confusion, agitation, irritability, aggressiveness, depression, and self-referential thinking.
Four types of delusions outlined in the DSM-5 include: 1 1 Bizarre delusions are implausible or impossible, such as being abducted by aliens. 2 Non-bizarre delusions could actually occur in reality, such as being cheated on, poisoned, or stalked by an ex. 3 Mood-congruent delusions are consistent with a depressive or manic state, such as delusions of abandonment or persecution when depressed, and delusions of superiority or fame when manic. 4 Mood-incongruent delusions are not affected by the particular mood state. They may include delusions of nihilism (e.g., the world is ending) and delusions of control (e.g., an external force controls your thoughts or movements).
For example, the DSM-5 criteria for delusional disorder are as follows: 1 1 One or more delusions are present for a duration of one month or longer. 2 The diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia has never been met. Hallucinations, if present, are not prominent and are clearly thematically related to the delusional theme. 3 Apart from the impact of the delusion (s) or its ramifications, patient functioning is not markedly impaired and their behavior is not obviously bizarre or odd. 4 If manic or major depressive episodes have occurred, they are brief compared to the duration of the delusional symptoms. 5 The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or medication or another systemic medical condition.
Cotard delusion: This occurs in Cotard’s syndrome, and is characterized by the belief that you are dead or your body or body parts have disintegrated or no longer exist. Delusion of control: This refers to the belief that an external entity is controlling your thoughts, behaviors, and impulses.
Religious delusion: This refers to any delusion involving a god, higher power, or spiritual theme (e.g., believing that you have special powers or are the embodiment of a prophet). This may be combined with other delusions such as the delusion of control or grandeur.
Mood-congruent delusions are consistent with a depressive or manic state, such as delusions of abandonment or persecution when depressed, and delusions of superiority or fame when manic. Mood-incongruent delusions are not affected by the particular mood state.