consider a system which consists of transmission line course hero

What is a transmission line?

Additionally, so far, we have considered infinite interfaces and media, without accounting for the shape, geometry, of a system and its effect on propagating waves. Let's consider a 2-wire line which consists of two parallel conductors and an insulator separating them. We construct an electrical model of this two-conductor wire by recognizing that there is resistance, R, and …

What are the different components of the transmission system?

Problem 4 Consider a system, which consists of a transmission line (TL1) connected at port ' AA (at 0 z =) to a transmission lines TL2, which is terminated with a load of impedance 8 500 L Z j = − Ω (Fig. 1). The TL1 has an impedance of 1 50 Z = Ω. TL2 has an impedance of 2 100 Z = Ω and length 2 4cm l =.

What are the characteristics of a short transmission line?

Consider the transmission line shown in Figure 10.48 with series impedance ZL, negligible shunt admittance, and a load impedance ZR at the receiving end. (a) Determine ZR for the given VR=1.0

What is the function of the transmission system in an automobile?

See Page 1. 2.1 Discrete Multitone Transmission Consider the DSL system depicted in Fig. 3, which consists of a transmitterand a receiver located in an ADSL2/2+ [12,13] or VDSL2 [14] modem-pair. The transceivers are connected to a twisted-pair line and employ DiscreteMultitone (DMT) modulation. Without loss of generality, we assume in ...

What is the function of the transmission system?

The friction between the road and the surface of the wheel makes possible the movement of the automobile. Transmission system performs this function.

What is the motion required to be transmitted only when desired?

The motion is required to be transmitted only ‘when desired.’. The rotary motion of the c rankshaft gives rise to torque and transmission of this torque to road wheels give rise to a propulsive force or tractive effort causing the movement of wheels on the road.

How much rpm does a transmission have?

Considering the speed of the engine to be about 3500 rpm, the automobile transmission system will have to reduce 3500 rpm at the engine to about 1060 rpm at the wheel (ratio 3.3:1). This ratio may vary with the engine size and engine specifications.

What is the term for the axle where motion from the crankshaft of the engine is transferred?

The axle where motion from the crankshaft of the engine is transferred is known as a live axle. The other axle takes up only the load of the vehicle and therefore is termed as dead axle or simply the axle.

Why does the axle move up and down?

Due to the uneven surface of the road, the axle moves up and down, and the springs flex. The relative positions of the engine and the axle changes and automobile transmission system should be capable of taking it up.

When starting from rest, a great tractive effort is needed.?

When starting from rest, a great tractive effort is needed. The engine produces almost the same torque. This torque has to be enhanced so that enough tractive effort is produced.

Does a crankshaft transfer to road wheels?

The rotary motion available at the crankshaft is not transferred to road wheels. It allows the transfer of motion when desired by the driver of the automobile. Clutch also allows the transfer of motion gradually so that the vehicle starts moving gradually. It works on the principle of friction. 2.

What is transmission line?

Transmission Line.  Transmission lines are used in power distribution (at low frequencies), and in communications (at high frequencies).  A transmission line consists of two or more parallel conductors used to connect a source to a load., the source may be a generator, a transmitter, or an oscillator and the load may be a factory, an antenna, or an oscilloscope, respectively.  Transmission lines include coaxial cable, a two wire line, a parallel plate or planar line, a wire above the conducting plane, and a micro-strip line  Cross sectional views of these lines consists of two conductors in figure ,each of these lines consists of two conductors in parallel  Coaxial cables are used in electrical laboratories and in connecting T.V sets to T.V antennas  Micro-strip lines are important in integrated circuits where metallic strips connecting electronic elements are deposited on dielectric substrates. There are different types of modes propagatr between the two conductorsof transmission line as: - TE, transverse electric, i.e.

What is lossless transmission?

A transmission line is said to be lossless if the conductors of the line are perfect (

How is power delivered in an electronic system?

In an electronic system, the delivery of power requires the connection of two wires between the source and the load. At low frequencies, power is considered to be delivered to the load through the wire. In the microwave frequency region, power is considered to be in electric and magnetic fields that are guided from place to place by some physical structure. Any physical structure that will guide an electromagnetic wave place is called a

What does the + and – sign respectively denote?

are wave amplitudes; + and – sign respectively denote wave traveling along +Z and –Z directions, as is also indicated by the arrows. Thus we obtain the instantaneous expression for voltage as :

What is distortionless line?

A distortion-less line is one in which the attenuation constant α is frequency independent while the phase constant β is linearly dependent on frequency. From the general expression for α and β . it is evident that a distortion-less line results if the line parameters are such that :

Is a lossless line distortionless?

3. A lossless line is also distortion-less line,but a distortion-less line is not necessarily lossless. Although lossless lines are desirable in power transmission, Telephone lines are required to be distortion-less.

What is transmission line?

Transmission line is the long conductor with special design (bundled) to carry bulk amount of generated power at very high voltage from one station to another as per variation of the voltage level .

What are the parameters of transmission lines?

are important things to design. These values are affected by line parameter R, L and C of the transmission line. Length wise transmission lines are three types.

How does load factor affect transmission efficiency?

Here it is clear that transmission efficiency depends on the receiving end power factor.

Where is the whole line capacitance concentrated?

In this method the whole line capacitance is assumed to be concentrated at the middle point of the line and half the line resistance and reactance are lumped on its either side. Therefore in this arrangement full charging current flows over half the line.

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What is line constant?

Line constants are considered as distributed over the length of the line.

What is voltage regulation?

Voltage regulation of transmission line is defined as the ratio of difference between sending and receiving end voltage to receiving end voltage of a transmission line between conditions of no load and full load. It is also expressed in percentage.#N#Where, V s is the sending end voltage per phase and V R is the receiving end voltage per phase.#N#X L is the reactance per phase.#N#R is the resistance per phase.#N#cosθ R is the receiving end power factor.#N#Effect of load power factor on regulation of transmission line: