The retailer determines the attributes and needs of its cus-tomers and endeavors to satisfy these needs to the fullest.
the identifiable, but sometimes intangible, activities undertaken by a retailer in conjunction with the basic goods and services it sells. It has a strong impact on the total retail experience.
whereby a retailer sells to consumers through multiple retail formats ( points of contact).
It means communicating with shoppers and viewing their desires as critical to the firm's success, having a consistent strategy
the overall plan guiding a retail firm. It influences the firm's business activities and its response to market forces, such as competition and the economy.
From the manufacturers' perspective, exclusive distribution may limit their long- run total sales.