Full Answer
A behavior that recurs and develops into a pattern is called a habit. a. TRUE b. FALSE a. TRUE Gender is a controllable factor that influences behavior and health habits. a. TRUE b. FALSE b. FALSE Reinforcing factors are those things that encourage or discourage your change in behavior. a. TRUE b. FALSE a. TRUE
To succeed, you need to understand the three most important elements in changing a behavior: 1 Readiness to change : Do you have the resources and knowledge to make a lasting change successfully? 2 Barriers to change : Is there anything preventing you from changing? 3 Likelihood of relapse : What might trigger a return to a former behavior?
Gender is a controllable factor that influences behavior and health habits. a. TRUE b. FALSE b. FALSE Reinforcing factors are those things that encourage or discourage your change in behavior. a.
Antecedents Why are individuals taught to use replacement behaviors in place of problem behavior? Because just suppressing a problem behavior does not provide a way to get an individual's needs met Which of the following behaviors could be reinforced on a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement? The amount of time spent on a task
Vygotsky's Cognitive Development Theory argues that cognitive abilities are socially guided and constructed. As such, culture serves as a mediator for the formation and development of specific abilities, such as learning, memory, attention, and problem solving.
Piaget's four stagesStageAgeGoalSensorimotorBirth to 18–24 months oldObject permanencePreoperational2 to 7 years oldSymbolic thoughtConcrete operational7 to 11 years oldOperational thoughtFormal operationalAdolescence to adulthoodAbstract conceptsMar 29, 2018
The most important question in developmental psychology is: How does our genetic makeup and our experiences influence our development? This debate is also referred to as nature versus nurture.
In cognitive learning theories, learning is described in terms of information processing....Dual Coding Theory. ... Cognitive Load Theory. ... Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning.
Piaget proposed four major stages of cognitive development, and called them (1) sensorimotor intelligence, (2) preoperational thinking, (3) concrete operational thinking, and (4) formal operational thinking. Each stage is correlated with an age period of childhood, but only approximately.
Assimilation is the process of using or transforming the environment so that it can be placed in preexisting cognitive structures. Accomodation is the process of changing cognitive structures in order to accept something from the environment. Both processes are used simultaneously and alternately throughout life.
Which question is most important to cognitive and behavioral psychology? B. How can people change their thinking and behavior?
Social psychology is the study of how individual or group behavior is influenced by the presence and behavior of others. The major question social psychologists ponder is this: How and why are people's perceptions and actions influenced by environmental factors, such as social interaction?
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development had a profound influence on psychology, especially the understanding of children's intellectual growth.
Cognitivism is a learning theory that focusses on how information is received, organized, stored and retrieved by the mind. It uses the mind as an information processer, like a computer. Therefore, cognitivism looks beyond observable behaviour, viewing learning as internal mental processes.
Behaviorism focuses on the idea that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment. This learning theory states that behaviors are learned from the environment, and says that innate or inherited factors have very little influence on behavior.
Critical Thinking and the Three Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentPre-operational (ages 2-7)Concrete operational (ages 7-11)Formal operational (adolescence-adulthood)
One of the best-known approaches to change is the Stages of Change or Transtheoretical Model, introduced in the late 1970s by researchers James Prochaska and Carlo DiClemente. They were studying ways to help people quit smoking. 1 The Stages of Change model has been found to be an effective aid in understanding how people go through a change in behavior.
Reinforcement and support are extremely important in helping maintain positive steps toward change. Take the time to periodically review your motivations, resources, and progress in order to refresh your commitment and belief in your abilities. 5.
Reward yourself when you are able to successfully avoid a relapse. If you do falter, don’t be too hard on yourself or give up. Instead, remind yourself that it was just a minor setback. As you will learn in the next stage, relapses are common and are a part of the process of making a lifelong change.
The maintenance phase of the Stages of Change model involves successfully avoiding former behaviors and keeping up new behaviors. 2 If you are trying to maintain a new behavior, look for ways to avoid temptation. Try replacing old habits with more positive actions. Reward yourself when you are able to successfully avoid a relapse.
Gather as much information as you can about ways to change your behavior. Prepare a list of motivating statements . Write down your goals.
Make a list of motivating statements. During the preparation stage, you might begin making small changes to prepare for a larger life change. For example, if losing weight is your goal, you might switch to lower-fat foods. 2 If your goal is to quit smoking, you might switch brands or smoke less each day.
During the fourth stage of change, people begin taking direct action in order to accomplish their goals. 1 Oftentimes, resolutions fail because the previous steps have not been given enough thought or time.
According to Path-goal theory, supportive leadership contributes most to subordinate satisfaction and motivation when the task is: tedious and stressful. According to Path-Goal Theory, directive leadership is most effective when: work roles are ambiguous.
managers with a socialized power orientation are more likely to be effective than managers with a personalized power orientation. A leader with a socialized power orientation is more likely to: empower subordinates. A very narcissistic leader is most likely to: become preoccupied with power and prestige.
According to Cognitive Resources Theory, there is less likely to be a relation between intelligence and leader effectiveness when: there is a high level of interpersonal stress.
According to Conger and Kanungo, attributions of charisma are least likely for a leader who: acts in conventional ways to achieve the vision. According to Shamir, the vision articulated by charismatic leaders emphasizes: symbolic and expressive aspects of the work itself.
Research at CCL found that leaders who eventually derailed in their careers: experienced a string of successes in their earlier managerial positions. Research at CCL found that compared to managers who derailed in their career, managers who continued to be successful had more: interpersonal skill.
The primary management function in the initial stage of the organizational life cycle is: obtaining resources. The descriptive research shows that effective managers are likely to: experiment with innovative ideas and approaches. To improve problem solving, it was recommended that managers should:
A theory that describes how changes by top management in the structure and culture of an organization affect the behavior of employees is best described as a: multi-level theory. Most of the leadership theory and research has described: direct leadership. A leadership theory that describes relationships among leader traits, behavior, ...