A trigger can be used as a security measure in which of the following ways? a) To prohibit inappropriate actions b) To cause special handling procedures to be executed c) To cause a row to be written to a log file
Triggers have become a widely used way to retrospectively analyze medical records in order to identify errors and adverse events, measure the frequency with which such events occur, and track the progress of safety initiatives over time.
When the trigger correctly identifies an adverse event, causative factors can be determined and interventions developed to reduce the frequency of such events. Triggers can also be used to track rates of adverse events over time.
After a trigger is identified, the entire chart is reviewed to determine whether an adverse event took place, and if so, to grade the level of harm experienced by the patient.
By default, users cannot select from sys.dm_exec_connections. You would need to grant your users VIEW SERVER STATE in order to use the DMV, which I would not recommend.
Hi! Nice article so, thanks! I have an interest though in DDL triggers in a security context with regards to accountability. I am interested in a trigger that allows me to see whether someone has ...
Triggers run, by default, under the security context of the principal who caused the trigger to fire. In order to change this behavior, you'll need to create the trigger using the WITH EXECUTE AS OWNER clause.. Below is an example which shows how that works.
I have created a sample application to get schema of all objects and generate SQLfile, so I simply created two user, user 'SYSTEM' and 'SCOTT' , and user SYSTEM grant all privileges to access some of tables,views,function etc. to user SCOTT, for grant privileges to user SCOTT use following oracle query
What this trigger means is that as soon as a user that has permission to execute a GRANT CONTROL SERVER statement, such as a member of the sysadmin fixed server role, executes an ALTER TABLE statement , JohnDoe is granted CONTROL SERVER permission. In other words, although JohnDoe cannot grant CONTROL SERVER permission to himself, he enabled the trigger code that grants him this permission to execute under escalated privileges. Both DML and DDL triggers are open to this kind of security threat.
Use DISABLE TRIGGER to disable triggers that can harm the integrity of the database or server if the triggers execute under escalated privileges. The following statement disables all database-level DDL triggers in the current database:
The main value of triggers is efficiency, since a complete review of every medical record to find adverse events is laborious and expensive , even in the era of electronic medical records. Triggers provide a way of screening medical records for possible harm and identifying cases that merit a more detailed review.
Finally, most existing trigger tools have been used to identify adverse events in the inpatient setting. Although some studies have sought to develop trigger tools for ambulatory care, there is relatively little data on the accuracy and reliability of these tools.
Another influential study of temporal trends in adverse events also found markedly different rates when the GTT was used by personnel internal or external to the hospitals being studied. It is likely that reliability of trigger tools is significantly influenced by the level of training and experience of the reviewers and their familiar ity with the clinical setting being evaluated.
Triggers have become a widely used way to retrospectively analyze medical records in order to identify errors and adverse events, measure the frequency with which such events occur, and track the progress of safety initiatives over time.
The GTT includes 53 different triggers, some applicable to all patients and some inappropriate for certain patient populations or settings of care. The GTT is practical for routine improvement efforts and not just research studies, and it includes detailed instructions for training reviewers and interpreting results.
The Harvard Medical Practice Study and other classic studies used fairly blunt triggers, general indications that harm may have occurred such as death, readmission, or unexpected return to the operating room. There was no expectation that most cases would turn out to be adverse events.
The IHI cautions that the GTT (or any trigger tool method) cannot identify all sources of patient harm or the cause of harm, a point emphasized in an influential commentary. Also, trigger tools are designed to detect all adverse events; reviewers are explicitly instructed to avoid making judgments about preventability of these events during the initial review process. Nonetheless, many studies have used the GTT or other similar tools to estimate the frequency of preventable adverse events in a variety of clinical settings. This is not inappropriate per se, but readers of such studies should be aware that inter-rater agreement around preventability is generally only moderate, as discussed in more detail in the Measurement of Patient Safety primer.
Workflow is another point where security and productivity collide. Wouter Koelewijn, senior vice president of the Scanning Division at Y Soft, a print management solutions company, says he sees workers sharing, scanning, emailing, and printing documents in the normal course of their duties. They’re either not aware of the potential security risks, or they are but move forward anyway because they must to get their job done.
To counteract such actions, he says cybersecurity teams should work with the business to more accurately identify which users need access to which files and then create policies on how to security-enable that shared access.
On a related note, Tim Crosby, a senior security consultant with Spohn Security Consulting, Inc. in Austin, Texas, says some workers also share their passwords with colleagues. Although it’s not smart from a security standpoint, he says workers do so because they need to share access to their files with co-workers. He says it happens at all levels within organizations – from executives sharing passwords with their assistants to lower-tier employees who are collaborating or covering for each other on days off.
Data held hostage. The need to protect sensitive data has become paramount for most organizations, yet cybersecurity leaders say many organizations have created so many unnecessary layers of protection that they’re slowing down productivity and pushing workers to unsafe practices.
Workers usually choose convenience over security, especially if you force them to jump through too many hoops. But there are steps you can take to shift the balance back in security's favor. As a cybersecurity expert, Richard White supports locking down sensitive data to keep it out of the wrong hands. On the other hand, he says, companies go ...
He and others say companies need to invest in the technologies and system designs that make it easy for workers to follow the rules and, more importantly, automate as much of that as possible. For example, systems should be designed to securely scan documents identified as sensitive without making workers jump through hoops.
Instead, he and others say security needs to spend more upfront work on data classification to protect the truly sensitive pieces of information while removing barriers to the less sensitive information that most workers use for their jobs. “It’s hard work, but it only has to be done one time,” White says.
What this trigger means is that as soon as a user that has permission to execute a GRANT CONTROL SERVER statement, such as a member of the sysadmin fixed server role, executes an ALTER TABLE statement , JohnDoe is granted CONTROL SERVER permission. In other words, although JohnDoe cannot grant CONTROL SERVER permission to himself, he enabled the trigger code that grants him this permission to execute under escalated privileges. Both DML and DDL triggers are open to this kind of security threat.
Use DISABLE TRIGGER to disable triggers that can harm the integrity of the database or server if the triggers execute under escalated privileges. The following statement disables all database-level DDL triggers in the current database: