Oct 16, 2010 · When she asked about increasing her cancer risk , the nurse should inform her that oral contraceptives. A. do not increase the risk of breast cancer. B. ... The nurse is updating a care plan for a 65-year-old patient just admitted to the unit for uncontrolled blood glucose ...
Mar 31, 2022 · Per the guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Progress and Recovery Guidelines, there are 4 priorities that a patient may need after a cancer diagnosis. 1) Taking charge 2) Technology support 3) Social support 4) Physical activity The goals that have been developed to help patients with breast cancer achieve these goals ...
Feb 11, 2021 · Nurses assess patients who are at risk of altered nutritional intake so that appropriate measures may be instituted prior to nutritional decline. Relieving Pain. Assessment. The nurse assesses the patient for the source and site of pain as well as those factors that increase the patient’s perception of pain. Cancer pain algorithm.
The nurse recognizes that a patient with newly diagnosed breast cancer is using an emotion-focused coping process when she: A. Joins a support group for women with breast cancer B. Considers the pros and cons of the various treatment options C. delays treatment until her family can take a weekend trip together
Nurses and physicians have traditionally been involved with tertia ry prevention, the care, and rehabilitation of patients after cancer diagnosis and treatment , but the American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute, clinicians, and researchers also place emphasis on primary and secondary prevention of cancer.
When surgery is the primary approach in treating cancer, the goal is to remove the entire tumor or as much as is feasible and any involved surrounding tissue, including regional lymph nodes.
Some evidence indicates that the immune system can detect the development of malignant cells and destroy them before cell growth becomes uncontrolled, but when the immune system fails to identify and stop the growth of malignant cells, clinical cancer develops .
Although the number of cancer deaths has decreased slightly, more than 560, 000 Americans were expected to die from a malignant process in 2008.
Pathophysiology. Cancer is a disease process that begins when an abnormal cell is transformed by the genetic mutation of the cellular DNA. Proliferative patterns. Cancerous cells are described as malignant neoplasms because they demonstrate uncontrolled cellular growth that follows no physiologic demand ( neoplasia ).
A cancer diagnosis is based on the assessment of physiologic and functional changes and results of the diagnostic evaluation. Tumor marker identification. Analysis of substances found in body tissues, blood or other body fluids that are made by the tumor or by the body in response to the tumor. Genetic profiling.
The most effective way to protect patients and families from fraudulent therapies and questionable cancer cures is to establish a trusting relationship, provide supportive care, and promote hope.
C. Noncancerous cells also are susceptible to the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs.
Before each dose of chemotherapy. A primary healthcare provider recommends than an adolescent with the diagnosis of osteogenic sarcoma have the affected leg amputated and then be treated with chemotherapy. The parents are concerned about what to tell their child and ask the nurse for advice.
The risk factors most associated with breast cancer are female gender, advancing age, and family history. The incidence of breast cancer increases dramatically after age 60. Mutations in BRCA genes may cause 5% to 10% of breast cancers; APC gene is associated with colon cancer. Obesity and physical inactivity increase the risk for breast cancer.
Assessment is the first step in planning patient care. Because the nurse is the patient's advocate and this is an extremely stressful time for the patient and family, the nurse should focus on the patient's response to the diagnosis of breast cancer when planning care for this patient.
Women are at an increased risk for development of breast cancer if they are over the age of 50; have a family history of breast cancer; have a personal history of breast, colon, endometrial, or ovarian cancer; have a long menstrual history as seen with early menarche or late menopause; and have had a first full-term pregnancy after the age of 30 or are nulliparous.
Mastitis presents with breasts that are warm to touch, indurated, and painful. Atrophy of the mammary glands associated with aging may result in pendulous breasts. Manifestations of fibrocystic breast changes include palpable lumps that are round, well delineated, and freely movable.
Restoring arm function on the affected side after mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection is a key nursing goal. Place the woman in a semi-Fowler's position, with the arm on the affected side elevated on a pillow.
Clinical manifestations of breast cancer may include a palpable lump that is hard, irregular, poorly delineated, nonmobile, and nontender. Nipple retraction, peau d'orange, induration, and dimpling of the overlying skin may also be noted. Mastitis presents with breasts that are warm to touch, indurated, and painful.
A. "You may find that your medication causes some breast sensitivity."
1. "Breast cancer is the number one type of cancer in females. The risk of developing cancer from the x-rays is. considerably lower than the risk of having undiagnosed breast cancer.". The nurse is explaining the characteristics of malignant cells to a group of patients. Which patient statement.
2. "It changes the body processes that caused the cancer by enhancing your own immunity. ". A patient with a history of squamous cell lung cancer is admitted to the hospital with arm and periorbital edema. After a few hours, the patient exhibits dyspnea, cyanosis, tachypnea, and an altered level of consciousness.
1. "There is a growth in the abdomen but it is encapsulated and after being removed, will not recur.". 2. "This type of cancer is easily treated.". 3. "This type of cancer will not spread to other tissues.". 4. "Even though this growth has invaded other tissues, it can be contained.". 1.
If left untreated, it could spread to the breast. 2. Human papillomavirus can cause cervical cancer. A patient with a history of using recreational cocaine tells the nurse that he would rather be addicted to cocaine. than be diagnosed with cancer.
At a routine health examination, a woman whose mother had breast cancer asks the nurse about the genetic basis of breast cancer and the genes involved. The nurse explains that. a. her risk of inheriting BRCA gene mutations is small unless her mother had both ovarian and breast cancer.
Rationale: Early menarche and late menopause are risk factors for breast cancer because of the prolonged exposure to estrogen that occurs. Cigarette smoking, breast trauma, and fibrocystic breast changes are not associated with increased breast cancer risk. Pg. 1243.
A patient with a breast biopsy positive for cancer is to undergo lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND). The nurse explains that this procedure. a. can identify specific lymph nodes that have malignant cells, so only involved nodes need to be excised.
Rationale: Annual mammograms are recommended for women over age 40 as long as they are in good health. The incidence of breast cancer increases in women over 60. Pain with a mammogram does not indicate any greater risk for breast cancer.
c. if the specimen is negative for malignancy, the patient's fears of cancer can be put to rest.
a. BSE will reduce the risk of dying from breast cancer.
Breast cancer is uncommon in women younger than 25. During examination of a 67-year-old man, the nurse notes bilateral enlargement of the breasts. The nurse's first action should be to. a. palpate the breasts for the presence of any discrete lumps.
The patient should avoid any activity that might injure the left arm, such as reaching over a burner.
Early menarche and late menopause are risk factors for breast cancer because of the prolonged exposure to estrogen that occurs.
LPN/LVN education and scope of practice include administration and evaluation of the effects of analgesics.
MRI (in addition to mammography) is recommended for women who are at high risk for breast cancer.
Herceptin can lead to ventricular dysfunction, so the patient is taught to self-monitor for symptoms of heart failure.