Criollos (“creoles” in the context of Spanish America) were central to the independence movements. Ever since the start of serious Spanish colonization of the New World in the early 1500s, there was a tension between peninsulares (Spaniards living in the New World) and the other segments of the population: indigenous peoples, slaves, and mestizos.
The initial criollo revolt in Mexico, led by Miguel Hidalgo, was unsuccessful, and it was mestizo leaders like Vincent Guerrero who made the difference for independence. Mexico abolished slavery in 1829, thirty years before the United States and sixty years before Brazil.
The Creole elite resented being left aside, and began a process of discomfort. When they saw their opportunity, they took power into their own hands, but I think at first they did not want independence, but equal treatment. The problem occurred when the Bourbons began to centralize the Empire, and govern it more rigidly.
The term criollos refers to the people of Latin America who were Spaniards born in Latin America Augustin de Iturbide was able to declare independence from Spain while also proclaiming himself emperor in part because that was the type of government the Spanish colonists were used to.
One of the events that led to the American Revolution was Parliament's passage of the Townshend Acts. What did the Townshend Acts do?
Colonial legislatures controlled the income given to royal governors. King Charles II revoked the charter of the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1684. After Charles died, King James II created the Dominion of New England in 1686.
Colonial legislatures controlled the income given to royal governors.
Jamestown was settled on the James River in a warm, swampy area. What was a negative result of this location?
Criollos (“creoles” in the context of Spanish America) were central to the independence movements. Ever since the start of serious Spanish colonization of the New World in the early 1500s, there was a tension between peninsulares (Spaniards living in the New World) and the other segments of the population: indigenous peoples, slaves, and mestizos. But serious economic, social, and political competition really emerged in the mid and late Spanish colonial period, when the descendants of Spaniards in the New World - criollos (“creoles”) - began to compete with the peninsulares who were sent from
Criollo -led independence movements worked beautifully to kick Spain out of regions, but were not so effective at liberating people at the bottom of society or in creating more broad-based growth, landownership, entrepreneurship, or development — the criollos weren’t even a new economic or political elite — they were the preexisting elite that simply cut the Spanish government out of any role whatsoever in the respective territory.
Almost all of the uprisings in Latin America originated in the criollo class, because of the rigid stratification of social and racial boundaries. Criollos were not allowed to hold prestigious or powerful colonial jobs, despite being culturally and ethnically identical to the peninsulares who controlled the colonies and often abused the lower classes for their own gain.
The main influence of the French Revolution in the Mexican war of independence was that it enabled the rise of Napoleon whom invaded Spain and deposed the legitimate monarch. The later introduction of the Cadiz constitution as a result of all this caused the definitive separation of Mexico from Spain with British support.
To separate from the country would be hard because it meant identifying with a new idea of who you were. The United States of America proved that it could be done, and gave reasons why.
In the case of Mexico the liberal ideals of the French Revolution were an after thought to the movement which started in 1810 as a way to preserve loyalty to the deposed spanish king Fernando VII by the Napoleonic invasion of Spain.
So kicking out the Spanish gave them exactly what they wanted - the ability to hold higher office and actually govern. If you freed slaves in the process (hurting the born Spaniards economically) and righted a few injustices along the way, so much the better.